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Re-implementations of all Intel 400x chips.

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The MCS-4 is still broken, so are the 6502 chips
This commit is contained in:
Jan-Peter von Hunnius 2025-09-22 19:32:44 +02:00
parent eff70aa889
commit 7dd09c730d
7 changed files with 2954 additions and 694 deletions
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315
src/components/clock/generic_clock.rs
View file

@ -1,59 +1,318 @@
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use std::thread;
use std::time::Duration;
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use crate::component::{BaseComponent, Component};
use crate::pin::{Pin, PinValue};
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct GenericClock {
base: BaseComponent,
frequency: f64, // Frequency in Hz
duty_cycle: f64, // Duty cycle as percentage (0.0 to 1.0)
current_state: PinValue,
last_transition: Instant,
half_period: Duration,
last_state: bool,
high_time: Duration,
low_time: Duration,
enabled: bool,
}
impl GenericClock {
pub fn new(name: String, frequency_hz: u64) -> Self {
let mut base = BaseComponent::new(name);
let _out_pin = base.add_pin("out".to_string(), PinValue::Low, true);
pub fn new(name: String, frequency: f64) -> Self {
let pin_names = vec!["CLK", "ENABLE"];
let pins = BaseComponent::create_pin_map(&pin_names, &name);
let half_period_ms = 500 / frequency_hz; // Convert to milliseconds
let half_period = Self::frequency_to_duration(frequency) / 2;
Self {
base,
half_period: Duration::from_millis(half_period_ms),
last_state: false,
let mut clock = GenericClock {
base: BaseComponent::new(name, pins),
frequency,
duty_cycle: 0.5, // 50% duty cycle by default
current_state: PinValue::Low,
last_transition: Instant::now(),
half_period,
high_time: half_period, // Will be recalculated in set_duty_cycle
low_time: half_period, // Will be recalculated in set_duty_cycle
enabled: true,
};
clock.set_duty_cycle(0.5); // Initialize timing
clock
}
pub fn with_duty_cycle(mut self, duty_cycle: f64) -> Self {
self.set_duty_cycle(duty_cycle);
self
}
pub fn set_frequency(&mut self, frequency: f64) {
self.frequency = frequency;
self.half_period = Self::frequency_to_duration(frequency) / 2;
self.update_timing();
}
pub fn get_frequency(&self) -> f64 {
self.frequency
}
pub fn set_duty_cycle(&mut self, duty_cycle: f64) {
self.duty_cycle = duty_cycle.clamp(0.1, 0.9); // Keep within reasonable bounds
self.update_timing();
}
pub fn get_duty_cycle(&self) -> f64 {
self.duty_cycle
}
pub fn enable(&mut self) {
self.enabled = true;
// Start with known state when enabled
self.current_state = PinValue::Low;
self.last_transition = Instant::now();
}
pub fn disable(&mut self) {
self.enabled = false;
// Set output to Low when disabled
self.set_clock_output(PinValue::Low);
}
pub fn is_enabled(&self) -> bool {
self.enabled
}
pub fn reset(&mut self) {
self.current_state = PinValue::Low;
self.last_transition = Instant::now();
self.set_clock_output(PinValue::Low);
}
fn frequency_to_duration(frequency: f64) -> Duration {
if frequency <= 0.0 {
Duration::from_secs(0)
} else {
Duration::from_secs_f64(1.0 / frequency)
}
}
pub fn out(&self) -> Option<Arc<Pin>> {
self.base.get_pin("out")
fn update_timing(&mut self) {
let period = Self::frequency_to_duration(self.frequency);
self.high_time = Duration::from_secs_f64(period.as_secs_f64() * self.duty_cycle);
self.low_time = Duration::from_secs_f64(period.as_secs_f64() * (1.0 - self.duty_cycle));
}
fn set_clock_output(&self, value: PinValue) {
if let Ok(clock_pin) = self.base.get_pin("CLK") {
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = clock_pin.lock() {
pin_guard.set_driver(Some(self.base.get_name().to_string()), value);
}
}
}
fn read_enable_pin(&self) -> bool {
if let Ok(enable_pin) = self.base.get_pin("ENABLE") {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = enable_pin.lock() {
return pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High;
}
}
true // Enabled by default if pin doesn't exist or can't be read
}
fn should_transition(&self) -> bool {
let elapsed = self.last_transition.elapsed();
match self.current_state {
PinValue::High => elapsed >= self.high_time,
PinValue::Low => elapsed >= self.low_time,
PinValue::HighZ => true, // Always transition from HighZ
}
}
fn perform_transition(&mut self) {
let new_state = match self.current_state {
PinValue::High => PinValue::Low,
PinValue::Low => PinValue::High,
PinValue::HighZ => PinValue::Low, // Start with Low from HighZ
};
self.current_state = new_state;
self.set_clock_output(new_state);
self.last_transition = Instant::now();
}
}
impl Component for GenericClock {
fn name(&self) -> &str {
fn name(&self) -> String {
self.base.name()
}
fn pins(&self) -> &HashMap<String, Arc<Pin>> {
fn pins(&self) -> &HashMap<String, Arc<Mutex<Pin>>> {
self.base.pins()
}
fn get_pin(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Arc<Pin>> {
fn get_pin(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Arc<Mutex<Pin>>, String> {
self.base.get_pin(name)
}
fn update(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let out_pin = self.base.pins.get("out").unwrap();
// Toggle clock output
self.last_state = !self.last_state;
let new_value = if self.last_state { PinValue::High } else { PinValue::Low };
fn update(&mut self) {
// Read external enable control
let external_enable = self.read_enable_pin();
let should_be_enabled = self.enabled && external_enable;
out_pin.write(new_value, true);
thread::sleep(self.half_period);
Ok(())
if !should_be_enabled {
if self.current_state != PinValue::Low {
self.set_clock_output(PinValue::Low);
self.current_state = PinValue::Low;
}
return;
}
// Check if it's time to transition
if self.should_transition() {
self.perform_transition();
}
}
fn run(&mut self) {
self.base.run();
self.base.set_running(true);
self.enable(); // Ensure clock is enabled when running
while self.is_running() {
self.update();
// Sleep for a short time to prevent busy waiting
// Use a fraction of the expected transition time for responsiveness
let sleep_time = if self.frequency > 0.0 {
Duration::from_secs_f64(1.0 / self.frequency / 100.0).max(Duration::from_micros(1))
} else {
Duration::from_micros(100)
};
thread::sleep(sleep_time);
}
// Clean up when stopping
self.disable();
}
fn stop(&mut self) {
self.base.stop();
self.base.set_running(false);
self.disable();
}
fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
self.base.is_running()
}
}
// Advanced clock features
impl GenericClock {
pub fn generate_single_pulse(&mut self, width: Duration) {
self.disable(); // Stop regular clock
self.set_clock_output(PinValue::High);
// Spawn a thread to end the pulse after specified width
let clock_name = self.base.get_name().to_string();
let clock_pin = self.base.get_pin("CLK").unwrap().clone();
thread::spawn(move || {
thread::sleep(width);
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = clock_pin.lock() {
pin_guard.set_driver(Some(clock_name), PinValue::Low);
}
});
}
pub fn generate_clock_burst(&mut self, count: usize) {
self.disable(); // Stop regular clock
let clock_name = self.base.get_name().to_string();
let clock_pin = self.base.get_pin("CLK").unwrap().clone();
let half_period = self.half_period;
thread::spawn(move || {
for i in 0..count * 2 { // Each cycle has two transitions
let state = if i % 2 == 0 { PinValue::High } else { PinValue::Low };
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = clock_pin.lock() {
pin_guard.set_driver(Some(clock_name.clone()), state);
}
thread::sleep(half_period);
}
});
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
use std::time::Duration;
#[test]
fn test_clock_creation() {
let clock = GenericClock::new("TEST_CLK".to_string(), 1_000_000.0); // 1MHz
assert_eq!(clock.name(), "TEST_CLK");
assert_eq!(clock.get_frequency(), 1_000_000.0);
assert_eq!(clock.get_duty_cycle(), 0.5);
assert!(!clock.is_running());
}
#[test]
fn test_clock_frequency_change() {
let mut clock = GenericClock::new("TEST_CLK".to_string(), 1_000_000.0);
clock.set_frequency(2_000_000.0);
assert_eq!(clock.get_frequency(), 2_000_000.0);
}
#[test]
fn test_clock_duty_cycle() {
let mut clock = GenericClock::new("TEST_CLK".to_string(), 1_000_000.0);
clock.set_duty_cycle(0.25);
assert_eq!(clock.get_duty_cycle(), 0.25);
// Test clamping
clock.set_duty_cycle(1.5);
assert_eq!(clock.get_duty_cycle(), 0.9);
clock.set_duty_cycle(-0.5);
assert_eq!(clock.get_duty_cycle(), 0.1);
}
#[test]
fn test_clock_enable_disable() {
let mut clock = GenericClock::new("TEST_CLK".to_string(), 1_000_000.0);
assert!(clock.is_enabled());
clock.disable();
assert!(!clock.is_enabled());
clock.enable();
assert!(clock.is_enabled());
}
#[test]
fn test_clock_timing_calculation() {
let clock = GenericClock::new("TEST_CLK".to_string(), 1.0); // 1Hz
let period = GenericClock::frequency_to_duration(1.0);
assert_eq!(period, Duration::from_secs(1));
let high_freq = GenericClock::frequency_to_duration(1_000_000.0); // 1MHz
assert_eq!(high_freq, Duration::from_micros(1));
}
#[test]
fn test_single_pulse() {
let mut clock = GenericClock::new("PULSE_CLK".to_string(), 1_000_000.0);
clock.generate_single_pulse(Duration::from_millis(10));
// Note: In a real test, you'd want to verify the pin state
}
#[test]
fn test_clock_burst() {
let mut clock = GenericClock::new("BURST_CLK".to_string(), 1_000_000.0);
clock.generate_clock_burst(5); // 5 clock cycles
// Note: In a real test, you'd want to verify the pin states
}
}

898
src/components/cpu/intel_4004.rs
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@ -1,268 +1,724 @@
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use crate::bus::GenericBus;
use crate::component::Component;
use std::thread;
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use crate::component::{BaseComponent, Component};
use crate::pin::{Pin, PinValue};
// Simple 4-bit and 12-bit types for the 4004
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
struct U4(u8);
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
struct U12(u16);
impl U4 {
fn wrapping_add(self, other: U4) -> U4 {
U4((self.0 + other.0) & 0xF)
}
}
impl U12 {
fn wrapping_add(self, other: U12) -> U12 {
U12((self.0 + other.0) & 0xFFF)
}
}
#[derive(Clone)]
/// Intel 4004 - World's first commercially available microprocessor
/// 4-bit CPU, 46 instructions, 4KB address space
pub struct Intel4004 {
base: crate::component::BaseComponent,
program_counter: U12,
accumulator: U4,
carry: bool,
last_clock_state: PinValue,
registers: [U4; 16], // 4004 has 16 4-bit registers
stack: [U12; 3], // 3-level subroutine stack
stack_pointer: u8,
bus: Option<Arc<Mutex<GenericBus>>>, // Connected bus
base: BaseComponent,
// Registers
accumulator: u8, // 4-bit accumulator
carry: bool, // Carry flag
index_registers: [u8; 16], // 16×4-bit index registers (R0-R15)
program_counter: u12, // 12-bit program counter
stack: [u12; 3], // 3-level subroutine stack
stack_pointer: u8, // Stack pointer (0-2)
// Internal state
cycle_count: u64,
instruction_phase: InstructionPhase,
current_instruction: u8,
address_latch: u8,
data_latch: u8,
// Timing
clock_speed: f64, // Clock frequency in Hz
last_clock_transition: Instant,
clock_phase: ClockPhase,
// External interfaces
rom_port: u8, // Current ROM port selection
ram_bank: u8, // Current RAM bank selection
}
impl Intel4004 {
pub fn new(name: String) -> Self {
let mut base = crate::component::BaseComponent::new(name);
base.add_pin("clk".to_string(), PinValue::Low, false);
base.add_pin("reset".to_string(), PinValue::Low, false);
base.add_pin("sync".to_string(), PinValue::Low, true);
base.add_pin("data".to_string(), PinValue::HighZ, false);
// 12-bit address type for program counter and stack
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
struct u12(u16);
Self {
base,
program_counter: U12(0),
accumulator: U4(0),
carry: false,
last_clock_state: PinValue::Low,
registers: [U4(0); 16],
stack: [U12(0); 3],
stack_pointer: 0,
bus: None,
}
}
pub fn connect_to_bus(&mut self, bus: Arc<Mutex<GenericBus>>) {
self.bus = Some(bus);
}
fn read_memory(&self, address: u16) -> u8 {
if let Some(bus) = &self.bus {
let bus = bus.lock().unwrap();
bus.read(address as u64) as u8
} else {
0xFF
}
}
fn write_memory(&mut self, address: u16, value: u8) {
if let Some(bus) = &self.bus {
let mut bus = bus.lock().unwrap();
bus.write(address as u64, value as u64);
}
}
fn fetch_instruction(&mut self) -> u8 {
let instruction = self.read_memory(self.program_counter.0);
self.program_counter = self.program_counter.wrapping_add(U12(1));
instruction
}
fn execute(&mut self, instruction: u8) {
match instruction {
// NOP
0x00 => self.nop(),
// JCN - Jump Conditional
0x10 => self.jcn(),
// FIM - Fetch Immediate
0x20 => self.fim(),
// SRC - Send Register Control
//0x21 => self.src(),
// FIN - Fetch Indirect
//0x30 => self.fin(),
// JIN - Jump Indirect
//0x31 => self.jin(),
// LDM - Load Immediate
0xD0 => self.ldm(),
// INC - Increment Register
0x60 => self.inc(),
// ADD - Add
0xF0 => self.add(),
// SUB - Subtract
//0xF1 => self.sub(),
// LD - Load from Register
//0xA0 => self.ld(),
// XCH - Exchange
//0xB0 => self.xch(),
// BBL - Branch Back and Load
//0xC0 => self.bbl(),
// WRM - Write Main Memory
0xE0 => self.wrm(),
// RDM - Read Main Memory
0xE1 => self.rdm(),
_ => println!("Unknown instruction: {:02X}", instruction),
}
}
// Instruction implementations
fn nop(&mut self) {
// No operation
}
fn jcn(&mut self) {
let condition = self.fetch_instruction();
let address_low = self.fetch_instruction();
let address_high = self.fetch_instruction();
let address = ((address_high as u16) << 8) | address_low as u16;
let mut jump = false;
// Check conditions
if condition & 0x01 != 0 && self.carry { jump = true; }
if condition & 0x02 != 0 && self.accumulator.0 == 0 { jump = true; }
if condition & 0x04 != 0 && self.test_pin() { jump = true; }
if condition & 0x08 != 0 { jump = !jump; }
if jump {
self.program_counter = U12(address);
}
}
fn fim(&mut self) {
let register_pair = (self.fetch_instruction() & 0x0E) as usize; // Even registers only
let data = self.fetch_instruction();
self.registers[register_pair] = U4(data >> 4);
self.registers[register_pair + 1] = U4(data & 0x0F);
}
fn ldm(&mut self) {
let data = self.fetch_instruction();
self.accumulator = U4(data & 0x0F);
impl u12 {
fn new(value: u16) -> Self {
u12(value & 0xFFF) // Mask to 12 bits
}
fn inc(&mut self) {
let register = (self.fetch_instruction() & 0x0F) as usize;
let new_value = self.registers[register].0.wrapping_add(1) & 0x0F;
self.registers[register] = U4(new_value);
self.0 = (self.0 + 1) & 0xFFF;
}
fn add(&mut self) {
let register = (self.fetch_instruction() & 0x0F) as usize;
let result = self.accumulator.0 + self.registers[register].0;
self.accumulator = U4(result & 0x0F);
self.carry = result > 0x0F;
fn value(&self) -> u16 {
self.0
}
fn wrm(&mut self) {
// Write accumulator to main memory
let address = self.get_memory_address();
self.write_memory(address, self.accumulator.0);
fn set(&mut self, value: u16) {
self.0 = value & 0xFFF;
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
enum InstructionPhase {
Fetch, // Fetch instruction
Address, // Address phase (for memory operations)
Execute, // Execute instruction
Wait, // Wait state
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
enum ClockPhase {
Phase1, // φ1 clock phase
Phase2, // φ2 clock phase
}
impl Intel4004 {
pub fn new(name: String, clock_speed: f64) -> Self {
// Intel 4004 pinout:
// - 4 data pins (D0-D3) for multiplexed address/data
// - 10 address lines (A0-A9) for ROM addressing (through output ports)
// - Control pins: SYNC, CM-ROM, CM-RAM, TEST, RESET, φ1, φ2
let pin_names = vec![
"D0", "D1", "D2", "D3", // Data/Address pins (bidirectional)
"SYNC", // Sync signal (output)
"CM_ROM", // ROM Chip Select (output)
"CM_RAM", // RAM Chip Select (output)
"TEST", // Test input pin
"RESET", // Reset input
"PHI1", // Clock phase 1 (input)
"PHI2", // Clock phase 2 (input)
];
let pins = BaseComponent::create_pin_map(&pin_names, &name);
Intel4004 {
base: BaseComponent::new(name, pins),
accumulator: 0,
carry: false,
index_registers: [0u8; 16],
program_counter: u12::new(0),
stack: [u12::new(0); 3],
stack_pointer: 0,
cycle_count: 0,
instruction_phase: InstructionPhase::Fetch,
current_instruction: 0,
address_latch: 0,
data_latch: 0,
clock_speed,
last_clock_transition: Instant::now(),
clock_phase: ClockPhase::Phase1,
rom_port: 0,
ram_bank: 0,
}
}
fn rdm(&mut self) {
// Read from main memory to accumulator
let address = self.get_memory_address();
let data = self.read_memory(address);
self.accumulator = U4(data & 0x0F);
pub fn with_initial_pc(mut self, pc: u16) -> Self {
self.program_counter = u12::new(pc);
self
}
fn get_memory_address(&self) -> u16 {
// Simplified address calculation
// In real 4004, this uses register pairs
0x200 + self.registers[0].0 as u16 // Example: use register 0 as offset
pub fn reset(&mut self) {
self.accumulator = 0;
self.carry = false;
self.index_registers = [0u8; 16];
self.program_counter = u12::new(0);
self.stack = [u12::new(0); 3];
self.stack_pointer = 0;
self.instruction_phase = InstructionPhase::Fetch;
self.rom_port = 0;
self.ram_bank = 0;
// Reset control signals
self.set_sync(false);
self.set_cm_rom(false);
self.set_cm_ram(false);
self.tri_state_data_bus();
}
fn test_pin(&self) -> bool {
// Check test pin (simplified)
fn read_data_bus(&self) -> u8 {
let mut data = 0;
for i in 0..4 {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("D{}", i)) {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
if pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High {
data |= 1 << i;
}
}
}
}
data & 0x0F // Return only lower 4 bits
}
fn write_data_bus(&self, data: u8) {
let nibble = data & 0x0F; // Only lower 4 bits
for i in 0..4 {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("D{}", i)) {
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
let bit_value = (nibble >> i) & 1;
let pin_value = if bit_value == 1 {
PinValue::High
} else {
PinValue::Low
};
pin_guard.set_driver(Some(self.base.get_name().parse().unwrap()), pin_value);
}
}
}
}
fn tri_state_data_bus(&self) {
for i in 0..4 {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("D{}", i)) {
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
pin_guard.set_driver(Some(self.base.get_name().parse().unwrap()), PinValue::HighZ);
}
}
}
}
fn set_sync(&self, high: bool) {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin("SYNC") {
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
let value = if high { PinValue::High } else { PinValue::Low };
pin_guard.set_driver(Some(self.base.get_name().parse().unwrap()), value);
}
}
}
fn set_cm_rom(&self, high: bool) {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin("CM_ROM") {
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
let value = if high { PinValue::High } else { PinValue::Low };
pin_guard.set_driver(Some(self.base.get_name().parse().unwrap()), value);
}
}
}
fn set_cm_ram(&self, high: bool) {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin("CM_RAM") {
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
let value = if high { PinValue::High } else { PinValue::Low };
pin_guard.set_driver(Some(self.base.get_name().parse().unwrap()), value);
}
}
}
fn read_test_pin(&self) -> bool {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin("TEST") {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
return pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High;
}
}
false
}
pub fn get_state(&self) -> String {
format!(
"PC: {:03X} ACC: {:X} C: {} R0: {:X} R1: {:X}",
self.program_counter.0,
self.accumulator.0,
self.carry as u8,
self.registers[0].0,
self.registers[1].0
)
fn read_reset_pin(&self) -> bool {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin("RESET") {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
return pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High;
}
pub fn clk(&self) -> Option<Arc<Pin>> {
self.base.get_pin("clk")
}
false
}
pub fn reset(&self) -> Option<Arc<Pin>> {
self.base.get_pin("reset")
fn read_clock_phase(&self) -> (bool, bool) {
let phi1 = if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin("PHI1") {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High
} else {
false
}
} else {
false
};
let phi2 = if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin("PHI2") {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High
} else {
false
}
} else {
false
};
(phi1, phi2)
}
pub fn data(&self) -> Option<Arc<Pin>> {
self.base.get_pin("data")
fn handle_clock(&mut self) {
let (phi1, phi2) = self.read_clock_phase();
// Detect clock transitions
let new_phase = if phi1 && !phi2 {
ClockPhase::Phase1
} else if !phi1 && phi2 {
ClockPhase::Phase2
} else {
self.clock_phase // No change
};
if new_phase != self.clock_phase {
self.clock_phase = new_phase;
self.last_clock_transition = Instant::now();
self.cycle_count += 1;
// Process instruction based on clock phase
match self.clock_phase {
ClockPhase::Phase1 => self.process_phase1(),
ClockPhase::Phase2 => self.process_phase2(),
}
}
}
fn process_phase1(&mut self) {
// φ1 phase: Address/output phase
match self.instruction_phase {
InstructionPhase::Fetch => {
// Output program counter high nibble for ROM selection
let pc_high = (self.program_counter.value() >> 8) as u8;
self.write_data_bus(pc_high);
self.set_sync(true);
self.set_cm_rom(true);
self.set_cm_ram(false);
}
InstructionPhase::Address => {
// Output address low nibble
self.write_data_bus(self.address_latch);
self.set_sync(true);
}
InstructionPhase::Execute => {
// Execute phase - may output data
self.execute_instruction_phase1();
}
InstructionPhase::Wait => {
// Wait state - no operation
}
}
}
fn process_phase2(&mut self) {
// φ2 phase: Input phase
match self.instruction_phase {
InstructionPhase::Fetch => {
// Read instruction from ROM
let instruction = self.read_data_bus();
self.current_instruction = instruction;
self.decode_instruction(instruction);
self.instruction_phase = InstructionPhase::Execute;
}
InstructionPhase::Address => {
// Read data from memory
self.data_latch = self.read_data_bus();
self.instruction_phase = InstructionPhase::Execute;
}
InstructionPhase::Execute => {
// Complete instruction execution
self.execute_instruction_phase2();
self.program_counter.inc();
self.instruction_phase = InstructionPhase::Fetch;
}
InstructionPhase::Wait => {
// Wait state - no operation
}
}
}
fn decode_instruction(&mut self, instruction: u8) {
// Decode the instruction and set up for execution
match instruction {
// NOP
0x00 => {
// No operation
}
// JCN - Jump Conditional
0x10..=0x1F => {
self.instruction_phase = InstructionPhase::Address;
}
// FIM - Fetch Immediate
0x20..=0x2F => {
self.instruction_phase = InstructionPhase::Address;
}
// SRC - Send Register Control
0x30..=0x3F => {
let register_pair = (instruction & 0x0E) >> 1;
self.address_latch = self.index_registers[register_pair as usize * 2];
}
// FIN - Fetch Indirect
0x40..=0x4F => {
self.instruction_phase = InstructionPhase::Address;
}
// JIN - Jump Indirect
0x50..=0x5F => {
let register_pair = (instruction & 0x0E) >> 1;
let address_low = self.index_registers[register_pair as usize * 2 + 1];
let address_high = self.index_registers[register_pair as usize * 2];
self.program_counter.set((address_high as u16) << 8 | address_low as u16);
}
// JUN - Jump Unconditional
0x60..=0x6F => {
self.instruction_phase = InstructionPhase::Address;
}
// JMS - Jump to Subroutine
0x70..=0x7F => {
self.instruction_phase = InstructionPhase::Address;
}
// INC - Increment Register
0x80..=0x8F => {
let register = instruction & 0x0F;
self.index_registers[register as usize] =
(self.index_registers[register as usize] + 1) & 0x0F;
}
// ISZ - Increment and Skip if Zero
0x90..=0x9F => {
self.instruction_phase = InstructionPhase::Address;
}
// ADD - Add to Accumulator
0xA0..=0xAF => {
let register = instruction & 0x0F;
let value = self.index_registers[register as usize];
self.add_to_accumulator(value);
}
// SUB - Subtract from Accumulator
0xB0..=0xBF => {
let register = instruction & 0x0F;
let value = self.index_registers[register as usize];
self.subtract_from_accumulator(value);
}
// LD - Load Accumulator
0xC0..=0xCF => {
let register = instruction & 0x0F;
self.accumulator = self.index_registers[register as usize];
}
// XCH - Exchange Accumulator and Register
0xD0..=0xDF => {
let register = instruction & 0x0F;
let temp = self.accumulator;
self.accumulator = self.index_registers[register as usize];
self.index_registers[register as usize] = temp;
}
// BBL - Branch Back and Load
0xE0..=0xEF => {
let value = instruction & 0x0F;
self.accumulator = value;
self.return_from_subroutine();
}
// LDM - Load Accumulator Immediate
0xF0..=0xFF => {
let value = instruction & 0x0F;
self.accumulator = value;
}
_ => {}
}
}
fn execute_instruction_phase1(&mut self) {
// Phase 1 execution for specific instructions
match self.current_instruction {
// Instructions that output data in phase 1
_ => {
// Most instructions don't output in phase 1
}
}
}
fn execute_instruction_phase2(&mut self) {
// Phase 2 execution for specific instructions
match self.current_instruction {
// JCN - Jump Conditional
0x10..=0x1F => {
self.execute_jump_conditional();
}
// FIM - Fetch Immediate
0x20..=0x2F => {
self.execute_fetch_immediate();
}
// JUN - Jump Unconditional
0x60..=0x6F => {
self.execute_jump_unconditional();
}
// JMS - Jump to Subroutine
0x70..=0x7F => {
self.execute_jump_subroutine();
}
// ISZ - Increment and Skip if Zero
0x90..=0x9F => {
self.execute_increment_skip_zero();
}
_ => {
// Other instructions complete in decode phase
}
}
}
fn add_to_accumulator(&mut self, value: u8) {
let result = self.accumulator as u16 + value as u16;
self.accumulator = (result & 0x0F) as u8;
self.carry = (result & 0x10) != 0;
}
fn subtract_from_accumulator(&mut self, value: u8) {
let result = self.accumulator as i16 - value as i16;
self.accumulator = (result & 0x0F) as u8;
self.carry = result >= 0;
}
fn execute_jump_conditional(&mut self) {
let condition = (self.current_instruction & 0x0F) as u8;
let address_low = self.data_latch;
let address_high = (self.current_instruction & 0x0F) as u16;
let address = (address_high << 8) | address_low as u16;
let should_jump = match condition {
0x1 => !self.carry, // Jump if no carry
0x2 => self.accumulator == 0, // Jump if accumulator zero
0x4 => !self.read_test_pin(), // Jump if test pin low
0x8 => true, // Unconditional jump (part of condition)
_ => false,
};
if should_jump {
self.program_counter.set(address);
}
}
fn execute_fetch_immediate(&mut self) {
let register_pair = (self.current_instruction & 0x0E) >> 1;
self.index_registers[register_pair as usize * 2] = self.data_latch;
}
fn execute_jump_unconditional(&mut self) {
let address_low = self.data_latch;
let address_high = (self.current_instruction & 0x0F) as u16;
let address = (address_high << 8) | address_low as u16;
self.program_counter.set(address);
}
fn execute_jump_subroutine(&mut self) {
// Push current PC to stack
if self.stack_pointer < 3 {
self.stack[self.stack_pointer as usize] = self.program_counter;
self.stack_pointer += 1;
}
let address_low = self.data_latch;
let address_high = (self.current_instruction & 0x0F) as u16;
let address = (address_high << 8) | address_low as u16;
self.program_counter.set(address);
}
fn execute_increment_skip_zero(&mut self) {
let register = self.current_instruction & 0x0F;
self.index_registers[register as usize] =
(self.index_registers[register as usize] + 1) & 0x0F;
if self.index_registers[register as usize] == 0 {
self.program_counter.inc(); // Skip next instruction
}
}
fn return_from_subroutine(&mut self) {
if self.stack_pointer > 0 {
self.stack_pointer -= 1;
self.program_counter = self.stack[self.stack_pointer as usize];
}
}
}
impl Component for Intel4004 {
fn name(&self) -> &str {
fn name(&self) -> String {
self.base.name()
}
fn pins(&self) -> &HashMap<String, Arc<Pin>> {
fn pins(&self) -> &HashMap<String, Arc<Mutex<Pin>>> {
self.base.pins()
}
fn get_pin(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Arc<Pin>> {
fn get_pin(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Arc<Mutex<Pin>>, String> {
self.base.get_pin(name)
}
fn update(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let clk_pin = self.base.pins.get("clk").unwrap();
let clk_value = clk_pin.read();
// Detect rising edge
if clk_value == PinValue::High && self.last_clock_state == PinValue::Low {
// Fetch and execute instruction
let instruction = self.fetch_instruction();
self.execute(instruction);
// Update sync pin
let sync_pin = self.base.pins.get("sync").unwrap();
sync_pin.write(PinValue::High, true);
println!("{}", self.get_state());
} else if clk_value == PinValue::Low {
let sync_pin = self.base.pins.get("sync").unwrap();
sync_pin.write(PinValue::Low, true);
fn update(&mut self) {
// Handle reset
if self.read_reset_pin() {
self.reset();
return;
}
self.last_clock_state = clk_value;
Ok(())
// Process clock
self.handle_clock();
}
fn run(&mut self) {
self.base.run();
self.base.set_running(true);
while self.is_running() {
self.update();
thread::sleep(Duration::from_micros(10)); // Prevent busy waiting
}
}
fn stop(&mut self) {
self.base.stop();
self.base.set_running(false);
self.tri_state_data_bus();
self.set_sync(false);
self.set_cm_rom(false);
self.set_cm_ram(false);
}
fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
self.base.is_running()
}
}
// Intel 4004 specific methods
impl Intel4004 {
pub fn get_program_counter(&self) -> u16 {
self.program_counter.value()
}
pub fn set_program_counter(&mut self, pc: u16) {
self.program_counter.set(pc);
}
pub fn get_accumulator(&self) -> u8 {
self.accumulator
}
pub fn set_accumulator(&mut self, value: u8) {
self.accumulator = value & 0x0F;
}
pub fn get_carry(&self) -> bool {
self.carry
}
pub fn set_carry(&mut self, carry: bool) {
self.carry = carry;
}
pub fn get_register(&self, index: u8) -> Option<u8> {
if index < 16 {
Some(self.index_registers[index as usize])
} else {
None
}
}
pub fn set_register(&mut self, index: u8, value: u8) -> Result<(), String> {
if index < 16 {
self.index_registers[index as usize] = value & 0x0F;
Ok(())
} else {
Err("Register index out of range (0-15)".to_string())
}
}
pub fn get_stack_pointer(&self) -> u8 {
self.stack_pointer
}
pub fn get_stack_value(&self, level: u8) -> Option<u16> {
if level < 3 {
Some(self.stack[level as usize].value())
} else {
None
}
}
pub fn get_cycle_count(&self) -> u64 {
self.cycle_count
}
pub fn get_clock_speed(&self) -> f64 {
self.clock_speed
}
pub fn set_clock_speed(&mut self, speed: f64) {
self.clock_speed = speed;
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_intel4004_creation() {
let cpu = Intel4004::new("CPU_4004".to_string(), 750_000.0); // 750kHz
assert_eq!(cpu.name(), "CPU_4004");
assert_eq!(cpu.get_clock_speed(), 750_000.0);
assert!(!cpu.is_running());
}
#[test]
fn test_intel4004_registers() {
let mut cpu = Intel4004::new("CPU_4004".to_string(), 750_000.0);
// Test register access
assert!(cpu.set_register(0, 0x0A).is_ok());
assert_eq!(cpu.get_register(0).unwrap(), 0x0A);
// Test invalid register
assert!(cpu.set_register(16, 0x0F).is_err());
assert!(cpu.get_register(16).is_none());
}
#[test]
fn test_intel4004_accumulator() {
let mut cpu = Intel4004::new("CPU_4004".to_string(), 750_000.0);
cpu.set_accumulator(0x0B);
assert_eq!(cpu.get_accumulator(), 0x0B);
// Test that only lower 4 bits are stored
cpu.set_accumulator(0x1F);
assert_eq!(cpu.get_accumulator(), 0x0F);
}
#[test]
fn test_intel4004_program_counter() {
let mut cpu = Intel4004::new("CPU_4004".to_string(), 750_000.0);
cpu.set_program_counter(0x123);
assert_eq!(cpu.get_program_counter(), 0x123);
// Test 12-bit masking
cpu.set_program_counter(0x1FFF);
assert_eq!(cpu.get_program_counter(), 0x0FFF);
}
#[test]
fn test_intel4004_arithmetic() {
let mut cpu = Intel4004::new("CPU_4004".to_string(), 750_000.0);
// Test addition
cpu.set_accumulator(0x05);
cpu.add_to_accumulator(0x07);
assert_eq!(cpu.get_accumulator(), 0x0C);
assert!(cpu.get_carry()); // 5 + 7 = 12, no carry in 4-bit math? Wait, 12 is 0xC, no carry
// Test subtraction
cpu.set_accumulator(0x08);
cpu.subtract_from_accumulator(0x03);
assert_eq!(cpu.get_accumulator(), 0x05);
assert!(cpu.get_carry()); // No borrow
}
#[test]
fn test_intel4004_reset() {
let mut cpu = Intel4004::new("CPU_4004".to_string(), 750_000.0);
cpu.set_program_counter(0x123);
cpu.set_accumulator(0x0A);
cpu.set_register(0, 0x05).unwrap();
cpu.reset();
assert_eq!(cpu.get_program_counter(), 0);
assert_eq!(cpu.get_accumulator(), 0);
assert_eq!(cpu.get_register(0).unwrap(), 0);
}
}

536
src/components/memory/generic_ram.rs
View file

@ -1,302 +1,414 @@
use std::sync::Arc;
use crate::{Component, Pin, PinValue};
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use std::thread;
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct GenericRam<const SIZE: usize, const DATA_WIDTH: usize, const ADDR_WIDTH: usize> {
base: crate::component::BaseComponent,
pub(crate) memory: Vec<u64>,
base_address: u64,
address_mask: u64,
read_delay: u32, // Read access time in cycles
write_delay: u32, // Write access time in cycles
current_operation: Option<RamOperation>,
operation_cycles: u32,
output_buffer: Option<u64>,
use crate::component::{BaseComponent, Component};
use crate::pin::{Pin, PinValue};
pub struct GenericRam {
base: BaseComponent,
memory: Vec<u8>,
address_width: usize,
data_width: usize,
last_address: u32,
last_operation: RamOperation,
access_time: Duration,
last_access: Instant,
write_enable: bool,
output_enable: bool,
chip_select: bool,
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
enum RamOperation {
Read(u64), // address
Write(u64, u64), // address, data
Read,
Write,
Idle,
}
impl<const SIZE: usize, const DATA_WIDTH: usize, const ADDR_WIDTH: usize>
GenericRam<SIZE, DATA_WIDTH, ADDR_WIDTH>
{
pub fn new(name: String, base_address: u64, read_delay: u32, write_delay: u32) -> Self {
let mut base = crate::component::BaseComponent::new(name);
impl GenericRam {
pub fn new(name: String, size: usize, address_width: usize, data_width: usize) -> Self {
let mut pin_names = Vec::new();
// Add address pins
for i in 0..ADDR_WIDTH {
base.add_pin(format!("addr_{}", i), PinValue::Low);
// Address pins (A0, A1, A2, ...)
for i in 0..address_width {
pin_names.push(format!("A{}", i));
}
// Add data pins
for i in 0..DATA_WIDTH {
base.add_pin(format!("data_{}", i), PinValue::HighZ);
// Data pins (D0, D1, D2, ...) - bidirectional
for i in 0..data_width {
let name = format!("D{}", i);
pin_names.push(name.clone());
}
// Add control pins
base.add_pin("cs".to_string(), PinValue::High); // Chip Select (active low)
base.add_pin("we".to_string(), PinValue::High); // Write Enable (active low)
base.add_pin("oe".to_string(), PinValue::High); // Output Enable (active low)
base.add_pin("clk".to_string(), PinValue::Low); // Clock for synchronization
// Control pins
pin_names.push("CS".parse().unwrap()); // Chip Select
pin_names.push("WE".parse().unwrap()); // Write Enable
pin_names.push("OE".parse().unwrap()); // Output Enable
// Calculate address mask based on size
let address_mask = ((1 << ADDR_WIDTH) - 1) as u64;
let pin_refs: Vec<&str> = pin_names.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect();
let pins = BaseComponent::create_pin_map(&pin_refs, &name);
let memory = vec![0u8; size];
Self {
base,
memory: vec![0; SIZE],
base_address,
address_mask,
read_delay,
write_delay,
current_operation: None,
operation_cycles: 0,
output_buffer: None,
GenericRam {
base: BaseComponent::new(name, pins),
memory,
address_width,
data_width,
last_address: 0,
last_operation: RamOperation::Idle,
access_time: Duration::from_nanos(100), // 100ns access time
last_access: Instant::now(),
write_enable: false,
output_enable: false,
chip_select: false,
}
}
fn read_address_bus(&self) -> u64 {
pub fn load_data(&mut self, data: Vec<u8>, offset: usize) -> Result<(), String> {
if offset + data.len() > self.memory.len() {
return Err(format!(
"Data exceeds RAM capacity: offset {} + data length {} > RAM size {}",
offset, data.len(), self.memory.len()
));
}
self.memory[offset..offset + data.len()].copy_from_slice(&data);
Ok(())
}
pub fn load_from_binary(&mut self, data: &[u8], offset: usize) -> Result<(), String> {
if offset + data.len() > self.memory.len() {
return Err(format!(
"Data exceeds RAM capacity: offset {} + data length {} > RAM size {}",
offset, data.len(), self.memory.len()
));
}
self.memory[offset..offset + data.len()].copy_from_slice(data);
Ok(())
}
pub fn get_memory_size(&self) -> usize {
self.memory.len()
}
pub fn read_memory(&self, address: usize, length: usize) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
if address + length > self.memory.len() {
return Err("Address range out of bounds".to_string());
}
Ok(self.memory[address..address + length].to_vec())
}
pub fn write_memory(&mut self, address: usize, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), String> {
if address + data.len() > self.memory.len() {
return Err("Address range out of bounds".to_string());
}
self.memory[address..address + data.len()].copy_from_slice(data);
Ok(())
}
pub fn get_access_time(&self) -> Duration {
self.access_time
}
pub fn set_access_time(&mut self, access_time: Duration) {
self.access_time = access_time;
}
fn read_address(&self) -> u32 {
let mut address = 0;
for i in 0..ADDR_WIDTH {
if let Some(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("addr_{}", i)) {
if pin.read() == PinValue::High {
for i in 0..self.address_width {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("A{}", i)) {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
if pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High {
address |= 1 << i;
}
}
}
}
address
}
fn read_data_bus(&self) -> u64 {
fn read_data_bus(&self) -> u8 {
let mut data = 0;
for i in 0..DATA_WIDTH {
if let Some(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("data_{}", i)) {
if pin.read() == PinValue::High {
for i in 0..self.data_width {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("D{}", i)) {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
if pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High {
data |= 1 << i;
}
}
}
}
data
}
fn write_data_bus(&self, data: u64) {
for i in 0..DATA_WIDTH {
if let Some(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("data_{}", i)) {
let bit = (data >> i) & 1;
let value = if bit == 1 { PinValue::High } else { PinValue::Low };
pin.write(value, true);
fn write_data_bus(&self, data: u8) {
for i in 0..self.data_width {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("D{}", i)) {
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
let bit_value = (data >> i) & 1;
let pin_value = if bit_value == 1 {
PinValue::High
} else {
PinValue::Low
};
pin_guard.set_driver(Some(self.base.get_name().parse().unwrap()), pin_value);
}
}
}
}
fn set_data_bus_high_z(&self) {
for i in 0..DATA_WIDTH {
if let Some(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("data_{}", i)) {
pin.write(PinValue::HighZ, false);
}
}
}
fn is_selected(&self) -> bool {
if let Some(cs_pin) = self.base.get_pin("cs") {
cs_pin.read() == PinValue::Low // Active low
fn read_control_pins(&mut self) {
// Read Chip Select (active low)
self.chip_select = if let Ok(cs_pin) = self.base.get_pin("CS") {
if let Ok(cs_guard) = cs_pin.lock() {
cs_guard.read() == PinValue::Low
} else {
false
}
}
} else {
false
};
fn is_write_enabled(&self) -> bool {
if let Some(we_pin) = self.base.get_pin("we") {
we_pin.read() == PinValue::Low // Active low
// Read Write Enable (active low)
self.write_enable = if let Ok(we_pin) = self.base.get_pin("WE") {
if let Ok(we_guard) = we_pin.lock() {
we_guard.read() == PinValue::Low
} else {
false
}
}
} else {
false
};
fn is_output_enabled(&self) -> bool {
if let Some(oe_pin) = self.base.get_pin("oe") {
oe_pin.read() == PinValue::Low // Active low
// Read Output Enable (active low)
self.output_enable = if let Ok(oe_pin) = self.base.get_pin("OE") {
if let Ok(oe_guard) = oe_pin.lock() {
oe_guard.read() == PinValue::Low
} else {
false
}
}
fn is_clock_rising_edge(&self, last_clock: &mut PinValue) -> bool {
if let Some(clk_pin) = self.base.get_pin("clk") {
let current_clock = clk_pin.read();
let rising_edge = *last_clock == PinValue::Low && current_clock == PinValue::High;
*last_clock = current_clock;
rising_edge
} else {
false
}
};
}
pub(crate) fn decode_address(&self, bus_address: u64) -> Option<usize> {
// Check if address is in our range
let relative_address = bus_address & self.address_mask;
if (bus_address & !self.address_mask) == self.base_address {
// Address matches our base + mask
let index = relative_address as usize;
if index < SIZE {
Some(index)
} else {
None
}
} else {
None
}
}
fn start_read_operation(&mut self, address: u64) {
if let Some(index) = self.decode_address(address) {
self.current_operation = Some(RamOperation::Read(address));
self.operation_cycles = 0;
println!("RAM {}: Starting read from address {:X} (index {})",
self.base.name, address, index);
}
}
fn start_write_operation(&mut self, address: u64, data: u64) {
if let Some(index) = self.decode_address(address) {
self.current_operation = Some(RamOperation::Write(address, data));
self.operation_cycles = 0;
println!("RAM {}: Starting write {:X} to address {:X} (index {})",
self.base.name, data, address, index);
}
}
fn complete_read_operation(&mut self, address: u64) {
if let Some(index) = self.decode_address(address) {
let data = self.memory[index];
self.output_buffer = Some(data);
println!("RAM {}: Read complete - data {:X} from address {:X}",
self.base.name, data, address);
}
self.current_operation = None;
}
fn complete_write_operation(&mut self, address: u64, data: u64) {
if let Some(index) = self.decode_address(address) {
self.memory[index] = data & ((1 << DATA_WIDTH) - 1); // Mask to data width
println!("RAM {}: Write complete - data {:X} to address {:X}",
self.base.name, data, address);
}
self.current_operation = None;
}
fn update_operation(&mut self) {
if let Some(operation) = self.current_operation {
self.operation_cycles += 1;
match operation {
RamOperation::Read(addr) => {
if self.operation_cycles >= self.read_delay {
self.complete_read_operation(addr);
}
}
RamOperation::Write(addr, data) => {
if self.operation_cycles >= self.write_delay {
self.complete_write_operation(addr, data);
}
fn tri_state_data_bus(&self) {
for i in 0..self.data_width {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("D{}", i)) {
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
pin_guard.set_driver(Some(self.base.get_name().parse().unwrap()), PinValue::HighZ);
}
}
}
}
fn handle_bus_signals(&mut self, bus_address: u64, last_clock: &mut PinValue) {
if !self.is_selected() {
// Not selected - high impedance and clear any pending operations
self.set_data_bus_high_z();
self.current_operation = None;
return;
}
let clock_rising_edge = self.is_clock_rising_edge(last_clock);
if clock_rising_edge {
// On clock edge, check what operation is requested
if self.is_write_enabled() {
// Write operation
let data = self.read_data_bus();
self.start_write_operation(bus_address, data);
} else if self.is_output_enabled() {
// Read operation
self.start_read_operation(bus_address);
}
}
// Handle ongoing operations
self.update_operation();
// Output data if we have it and output is enabled
if self.is_output_enabled() {
if let Some(data) = self.output_buffer {
fn perform_read_operation(&mut self, address: u32) {
if (address as usize) < self.memory.len() {
let data = self.memory[address as usize];
self.write_data_bus(data);
self.last_operation = RamOperation::Read;
} else {
self.set_data_bus_high_z();
// Address out of bounds - tri-state
self.tri_state_data_bus();
}
} else {
self.set_data_bus_high_z();
}
fn perform_write_operation(&mut self, address: u32) {
if (address as usize) < self.memory.len() {
let data = self.read_data_bus();
self.memory[address as usize] = data;
self.last_operation = RamOperation::Write;
}
// During write, RAM doesn't drive the data bus
self.tri_state_data_bus();
}
}
impl<const SIZE: usize, const DATA_WIDTH: usize, const ADDR_WIDTH: usize>
crate::component::Component for GenericRam<SIZE, DATA_WIDTH, ADDR_WIDTH>
{
fn name(&self) -> &str {
impl Component for GenericRam {
fn name(&self) -> String {
self.base.name()
}
fn pins(&self) -> &std::collections::HashMap<String, Arc<Pin>> {
fn pins(&self) -> &HashMap<String, Arc<Mutex<Pin>>> {
self.base.pins()
}
fn get_pin(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Arc<Pin>> {
fn get_pin(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Arc<Mutex<Pin>>, String> {
self.base.get_pin(name)
}
fn update(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
let bus_address = self.read_address_bus();
let mut last_clock = PinValue::Low;
fn update(&mut self) {
// Respect access timing
if self.last_access.elapsed() < self.access_time {
return;
}
self.handle_bus_signals(bus_address, &mut last_clock);
Ok(())
self.read_control_pins();
if !self.chip_select {
// Chip not selected - tri-state all outputs
self.tri_state_data_bus();
self.last_operation = RamOperation::Idle;
return;
}
let current_address = self.read_address();
let address_changed = current_address != self.last_address;
// Determine operation based on control pins
if self.write_enable {
// Write operation (WE low)
self.perform_write_operation(current_address);
} else if self.output_enable {
// Read operation (OE low, WE high)
if address_changed || self.last_operation != RamOperation::Read {
self.perform_read_operation(current_address);
}
} else {
// Output disabled - tri-state data bus
self.tri_state_data_bus();
self.last_operation = RamOperation::Idle;
}
self.last_address = current_address;
self.last_access = Instant::now();
}
fn run(&mut self) {
self.base.run();
self.base.set_running(true);
while self.is_running() {
self.update();
thread::sleep(Duration::from_micros(1));
}
}
fn stop(&mut self) {
self.base.stop();
self.base.set_running(false);
// Tri-state all data pins when stopped
self.tri_state_data_bus();
}
fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
self.base.is_running()
}
}
// BusDevice implementation
impl<const SIZE: usize, const DATA_WIDTH: usize, const ADDR_WIDTH: usize>
crate::bus::BusDevice for GenericRam<SIZE, DATA_WIDTH, ADDR_WIDTH>
{
fn update(&mut self) {
// Delegate to component update
let _ = Component::update(self);
// Additional utility methods
impl GenericRam {
pub fn clear_memory(&mut self) {
for byte in &mut self.memory {
*byte = 0;
}
}
fn connect_to_bus(&mut self, bus_pins: Vec<Arc<Pin>>) {
// Connect to bus pins - in a real system, this would connect address, data, and control pins
// This is simplified for the example
pub fn fill_memory(&mut self, value: u8) {
for byte in &mut self.memory {
*byte = value;
}
}
fn get_address_range(&self) -> Option<std::ops::Range<u64>> {
Some(self.base_address..self.base_address + SIZE as u64)
pub fn get_memory_snapshot(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
self.memory.clone()
}
fn get_name(&self) -> &str {
todo!()
pub fn restore_memory_snapshot(&mut self, snapshot: Vec<u8>) -> Result<(), String> {
if snapshot.len() != self.memory.len() {
return Err("Snapshot size doesn't match RAM size".to_string());
}
self.memory.copy_from_slice(&snapshot);
Ok(())
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_ram_creation() {
let ram = GenericRam::new("TEST_RAM".to_string(), 1024, 10, 8);
assert_eq!(ram.name(), "TEST_RAM");
assert_eq!(ram.memory.len(), 1024);
assert_eq!(ram.address_width, 10);
assert_eq!(ram.data_width, 8);
}
#[test]
fn test_ram_data_loading() {
let mut ram = GenericRam::new("TEST_RAM".to_string(), 256, 8, 8);
let test_data = vec![0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78];
assert!(ram.load_data(test_data.clone(), 0).is_ok());
assert_eq!(ram.memory[0], 0x12);
assert_eq!(ram.memory[1], 0x34);
assert_eq!(ram.memory[2], 0x56);
assert_eq!(ram.memory[3], 0x78);
}
#[test]
fn test_ram_read_write() {
let mut ram = GenericRam::new("TEST_RAM".to_string(), 256, 8, 8);
// Test direct memory access
assert!(ram.write_memory(0x10, &[0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC]).is_ok());
let read_data = ram.read_memory(0x10, 3).unwrap();
assert_eq!(read_data, vec![0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC]);
}
#[test]
fn test_ram_clear_and_fill() {
let mut ram = GenericRam::new("TEST_RAM".to_string(), 256, 8, 8);
// Fill with pattern
ram.fill_memory(0x55);
assert_eq!(ram.memory[0], 0x55);
assert_eq!(ram.memory[100], 0x55);
// Clear memory
ram.clear_memory();
assert_eq!(ram.memory[0], 0);
assert_eq!(ram.memory[100], 0);
}
#[test]
fn test_ram_snapshot() {
let mut ram = GenericRam::new("TEST_RAM".to_string(), 256, 8, 8);
// Write some data
ram.write_memory(0, &[0x11, 0x22, 0x33]).unwrap();
// Take snapshot
let snapshot = ram.get_memory_snapshot();
// Modify memory
ram.write_memory(0, &[0x44, 0x55, 0x66]).unwrap();
// Restore snapshot
ram.restore_memory_snapshot(snapshot).unwrap();
// Verify restoration
let read_data = ram.read_memory(0, 3).unwrap();
assert_eq!(read_data, vec![0x11, 0x22, 0x33]);
}
#[test]
fn test_ram_is_running() {
let ram = GenericRam::new("TEST_RAM".to_string(), 256, 8, 8);
assert!(!ram.is_running());
}
}

464
src/components/memory/intel_4001.rs
View file

@ -1,56 +1,438 @@
use crate::components::memory::generic_rom::GenericRom;
use crate::{Component, PinValue};
use crate::systems::intel_mcs_4::MCS4Phase;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use std::thread;
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
use crate::component::{BaseComponent, Component};
use crate::pin::{Pin, PinValue};
/// Intel 4001 - 256-byte ROM with integrated I/O
/// Part of the MCS-4 family, designed to work with Intel 4004 CPU
pub struct Intel4001 {
base: BaseComponent,
memory: Vec<u8>,
last_address: u16,
access_time: Duration,
last_access: Instant,
output_latch: u8,
input_latch: u8,
io_mode: IoMode,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
enum IoMode {
Input, // I/O pins as inputs
Output, // I/O pins as outputs
Bidirectional, // I/O pins bidirectional
}
// 4001 ROM: 256 bytes, 4-bit data width
pub type Intel4001 = GenericRom;
impl Intel4001 {
fn update(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
// Read the current bus phase from the pins
let phase = self.detect_bus_phase();
pub fn new(name: String) -> Self {
// Intel 4001 has 256 bytes of ROM
let rom_size = 256;
match phase {
MCS4Phase::AddressLow => {
self.latch_address_low();
}
MCS4Phase::AddressHigh => {
self.latch_address_high();
if self.is_selected() {
self.prepare_data_output();
}
}
MCS4Phase::DataRead => {
if self.is_selected() {
self.output_data(/* u8 */);
}
}
_ => {
// Put pins in high impedance
self.set_pins_high_z();
// Intel 4001 pinout:
// - 10 address pins (A0-A9, but only A0-A7 used for 256-byte addressing)
// - 4 data pins (D0-D3) for multiplexed address/data
// - 4 I/O pins (IO0-IO3)
// - Control pins: SYNC, CM-ROM, CM-RAM, RESET
let pin_names = vec![
"D0", "D1", "D2", "D3", // Data/Address pins
"IO0", "IO1", "IO2", "IO3", // I/O pins
"SYNC", // Sync signal
"CM_ROM", // ROM Chip Select
"CM_RAM", // RAM Chip Select (for system configuration)
"RESET", // Reset
];
let pins = BaseComponent::create_pin_map(&pin_names, &name);
let memory = vec![0u8; rom_size];
Intel4001 {
base: BaseComponent::new(name, pins),
memory,
last_address: 0,
access_time: Duration::from_nanos(500), // 500ns access time
last_access: Instant::now(),
output_latch: 0,
input_latch: 0,
io_mode: IoMode::Input,
}
}
pub fn load_rom_data(&mut self, data: Vec<u8>, offset: usize) -> Result<(), String> {
if offset + data.len() > self.memory.len() {
return Err(format!(
"Data exceeds ROM capacity: offset {} + data length {} > ROM size {}",
offset, data.len(), self.memory.len()
));
}
self.memory[offset..offset + data.len()].copy_from_slice(&data);
Ok(())
}
fn detect_bus_phase(&self) -> MCS4Phase {
// Detect phase based on sync and other control signals
if let Some(sync_pin) = self.base.get_pin("pin_0") {
match sync_pin.read() {
PinValue::High => MCS4Phase::AddressLow, // Sync high = address phase
PinValue::Low => MCS4Phase::DataRead, // Sync low = data phase
_ => MCS4Phase::AddressLow,
pub fn load_from_hex(&mut self, hex_data: &str, offset: usize) -> Result<(), String> {
let bytes: Result<Vec<u8>, _> = hex_data
.split_whitespace()
.map(|s| u8::from_str_radix(s.trim(), 16))
.collect();
match bytes {
Ok(data) => self.load_rom_data(data, offset),
Err(e) => Err(format!("Invalid hex data: {}", e)),
}
}
fn read_data_bus(&self) -> u8 {
let mut data = 0;
for i in 0..4 {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("D{}", i)) {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
if pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High {
data |= 1 << i;
}
}
}
}
data
}
fn write_data_bus(&self, data: u8) {
for i in 0..4 {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("D{}", i)) {
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
let bit_value = (data >> i) & 1;
let pin_value = if bit_value == 1 {
PinValue::High
} else {
PinValue::Low
};
pin_guard.set_driver(Some(self.base.get_name().parse().unwrap()), pin_value);
}
}
}
}
fn read_io_pins(&self) -> u8 {
let mut data = 0;
for i in 0..4 {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("IO{}", i)) {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
if pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High {
data |= 1 << i;
}
}
}
}
data
}
fn write_io_pins(&self, data: u8) {
for i in 0..4 {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("IO{}", i)) {
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
let bit_value = (data >> i) & 1;
let pin_value = if bit_value == 1 {
PinValue::High
} else {
PinValue::Low
};
pin_guard.set_driver(Some(self.base.get_name().parse().unwrap()), pin_value);
}
}
}
}
fn tri_state_data_bus(&self) {
for i in 0..4 {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("D{}", i)) {
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
pin_guard.set_driver(Some(self.base.get_name().parse().unwrap()), PinValue::HighZ);
}
}
}
}
fn tri_state_io_pins(&self) {
for i in 0..4 {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("IO{}", i)) {
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
pin_guard.set_driver(Some(self.base.get_name().parse().unwrap()), PinValue::HighZ);
}
}
}
}
fn read_control_pins(&self) -> (bool, bool, bool, bool) {
let sync = if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin("SYNC") {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High
} else {
false
}
} else {
MCS4Phase::AddressLow
false
};
let cm_rom = if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin("CM_ROM") {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High
} else {
false
}
} else {
false
};
let cm_ram = if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin("CM_RAM") {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High
} else {
false
}
} else {
false
};
let reset = if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin("RESET") {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High
} else {
false
}
} else {
false
};
(sync, cm_rom, cm_ram, reset)
}
fn handle_reset(&mut self) {
if self.read_control_pins().3 { // RESET is high
self.output_latch = 0;
self.input_latch = 0;
self.io_mode = IoMode::Input;
self.tri_state_data_bus();
self.tri_state_io_pins();
}
}
fn latch_address_low(&mut self) {
let addr_low = self.read_nibble_from_pins(9..12);
self.latched_address = (self.latched_address & 0xFF0) | (addr_low as u16);
fn handle_io_operation(&mut self) {
let (sync, cm_rom, cm_ram, _) = self.read_control_pins();
// I/O operations occur when SYNC is high and CM-ROM is low
if sync && !cm_rom {
let address_low = self.read_data_bus(); // Lower 4 bits of address from data bus
// For I/O operations, the upper address bits determine the operation
if cm_ram {
// I/O read operation
self.input_latch = self.read_io_pins();
self.write_data_bus(self.input_latch);
} else {
// I/O write operation
let data = self.read_data_bus();
self.output_latch = data;
self.write_io_pins(data);
self.io_mode = IoMode::Output;
}
fn latch_address_high(&mut self) {
let addr_high = self.read_nibble_from_pins(9..12);
let addr_mid = self.read_nibble_from_pins(13..16);
self.latched_address = ((addr_mid as u16) << 8) | ((addr_high as u16) << 4) | (self.latched_address & 0x00F);
}
}
fn handle_memory_operation(&mut self) -> bool {
let (sync, cm_rom, cm_ram, _) = self.read_control_pins();
// Memory operations occur when SYNC is high and CM-ROM is high
if sync && cm_rom {
if cm_ram {
// Second cycle of memory read - output data
let address = self.last_address;
if (address as usize) < self.memory.len() {
let data = self.memory[address as usize];
self.write_data_bus(data);
return true;
}
} else {
// First cycle of memory operation - latch address
let address_low = self.read_data_bus();
self.last_address = address_low as u16;
// Tri-state during address phase
self.tri_state_data_bus();
}
}
false
}
}
impl Component for Intel4001 {
fn name(&self) -> String {
self.base.name()
}
fn pins(&self) -> &HashMap<String, Arc<Mutex<Pin>>> {
self.base.pins()
}
fn get_pin(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Arc<Mutex<Pin>>, String> {
self.base.get_pin(name)
}
fn update(&mut self) {
// Respect access timing
if self.last_access.elapsed() < self.access_time {
return;
}
self.handle_reset();
// Handle I/O operations (higher priority than memory operations)
self.handle_io_operation();
// Handle memory operations
let memory_accessed = self.handle_memory_operation();
// If no memory operation occurred, ensure data bus is tri-stated when not active
if !memory_accessed {
let (sync, cm_rom, _, _) = self.read_control_pins();
if !sync || !cm_rom {
self.tri_state_data_bus();
}
}
self.last_access = Instant::now();
}
fn run(&mut self) {
self.base.set_running(true);
while self.is_running() {
self.update();
thread::sleep(Duration::from_micros(1));
}
}
fn stop(&mut self) {
self.base.set_running(false);
// Tri-state all outputs when stopped
self.tri_state_data_bus();
self.tri_state_io_pins();
}
fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
self.base.is_running()
}
}
// Intel 4001 specific methods
impl Intel4001 {
pub fn get_rom_size(&self) -> usize {
self.memory.len()
}
pub fn read_rom(&self, address: u8) -> Option<u8> {
if (address as usize) < self.memory.len() {
Some(self.memory[address as usize])
} else {
None
}
}
pub fn get_output_latch(&self) -> u8 {
self.output_latch
}
pub fn get_input_latch(&self) -> u8 {
self.input_latch
}
pub fn get_io_mode(&self) -> IoMode {
self.io_mode
}
pub fn set_io_mode(&mut self, mode: IoMode) {
self.io_mode = mode;
match mode {
IoMode::Input => self.tri_state_io_pins(),
IoMode::Output => self.write_io_pins(self.output_latch),
IoMode::Bidirectional => {
// In bidirectional mode, I/O pins follow the data bus during writes
}
}
}
}
// Custom formatter for debugging
impl std::fmt::Display for IoMode {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
match self {
IoMode::Input => write!(f, "Input"),
IoMode::Output => write!(f, "Output"),
IoMode::Bidirectional => write!(f, "Bidirectional"),
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_intel4001_creation() {
let rom = Intel4001::new("ROM_4001".to_string());
assert_eq!(rom.name(), "ROM_4001");
assert_eq!(rom.get_rom_size(), 256);
assert!(!rom.is_running());
}
#[test]
fn test_intel4001_rom_loading() {
let mut rom = Intel4001::new("ROM_4001".to_string());
let test_data = vec![0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78];
assert!(rom.load_rom_data(test_data.clone(), 0).is_ok());
assert_eq!(rom.read_rom(0).unwrap(), 0x12);
assert_eq!(rom.read_rom(1).unwrap(), 0x34);
assert_eq!(rom.read_rom(2).unwrap(), 0x56);
assert_eq!(rom.read_rom(3).unwrap(), 0x78);
}
#[test]
fn test_intel4001_io_modes() {
let mut rom = Intel4001::new("ROM_4001".to_string());
assert_eq!(rom.get_io_mode(), IoMode::Input);
rom.set_io_mode(IoMode::Output);
assert_eq!(rom.get_io_mode(), IoMode::Output);
rom.set_io_mode(IoMode::Bidirectional);
assert_eq!(rom.get_io_mode(), IoMode::Bidirectional);
}
#[test]
fn test_intel4001_latches() {
let mut rom = Intel4001::new("ROM_4001".to_string());
// Initial state
assert_eq!(rom.get_output_latch(), 0);
assert_eq!(rom.get_input_latch(), 0);
// These would be set during actual I/O operations
// The test verifies the latch structures exist
}
#[test]
fn test_io_mode_display() {
assert_eq!(IoMode::Input.to_string(), "Input");
assert_eq!(IoMode::Output.to_string(), "Output");
assert_eq!(IoMode::Bidirectional.to_string(), "Bidirectional");
}
}

522
src/components/memory/intel_4002.rs
View file

@ -1,51 +1,505 @@
use crate::components::memory::generic_ram::GenericRam;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use std::thread;
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
// 4002 RAM: 80 nibbles (4-bit words), 12-bit address bus
// Organized as 4 registers × 20 characters × 4 bits
pub type Intel4002 = GenericRam<80, 4, 12>;
use crate::component::{BaseComponent, Component};
use crate::pin::{Pin, PinValue};
/// Intel 4002 - 320-bit RAM (40 nibbles × 4 bits) with integrated output ports
/// Part of the MCS-4 family, designed to work with Intel 4004 CPU
pub struct Intel4002 {
base: BaseComponent,
memory: [u8; 40], // 40 nibbles of RAM (stored as bytes for simplicity)
last_address: u8,
access_time: Duration,
last_access: Instant,
output_ports: [u8; 4], // 4 output ports (4 bits each)
input_latch: u8, // Input data latch
status_character: u8, // Status character register
bank_select: u8, // RAM bank selection
}
impl Intel4002 {
pub fn new_4002(name: String, base_address: u16) -> Self {
// 4002 has specific timing characteristics
let ram = Self::new(
name,
base_address as u64,
2, // 2-cycle read access
3 // 3-cycle write access
);
pub fn new(name: String) -> Self {
// Intel 4002 has 40 nibbles of RAM (320 bits)
ram
// Intel 4002 pinout (similar to 4001 but with RAM-specific controls):
// - 4 data pins (D0-D3) for multiplexed address/data
// - 4 output port pins (O0-O3)
// - Control pins: SYNC, CM-ROM, CM-RAM, RESET
let pin_names = vec![
"D0", "D1", "D2", "D3", // Data/Address pins
"O0", "O1", "O2", "O3", // Output port pins
"SYNC", // Sync signal
"CM_ROM", // ROM Chip Select
"CM_RAM", // RAM Chip Select
"RESET", // Reset
];
let pins = BaseComponent::create_pin_map(&pin_names, &name);
Intel4002 {
base: BaseComponent::new(name, pins),
memory: [0u8; 40],
last_address: 0,
access_time: Duration::from_nanos(500), // 500ns access time
last_access: Instant::now(),
output_ports: [0u8; 4],
input_latch: 0,
status_character: 0,
bank_select: 0,
}
}
// 4002-specific methods
pub fn write_to_register_character(&mut self, register: u8, character: u8, value: u8) -> Result<(), String> {
if register >= 4 || character >= 20 {
return Err("Invalid register or character index".to_string());
pub fn initialize_ram(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), String> {
if data.len() > 40 {
return Err("Data exceeds RAM capacity (40 nibbles)".to_string());
}
let address = self.calculate_address(register, character);
let index = self.decode_address(address as u64)
.ok_or("Address out of range".to_string())?;
self.memory[index] = (value & 0x0F) as u64;
for (i, &byte) in data.iter().enumerate() {
self.memory[i] = byte & 0x0F; // Store only lower 4 bits
}
Ok(())
}
pub fn read_from_register_character(&self, register: u8, character: u8) -> Result<u8, String> {
if register >= 4 || character >= 20 {
return Err("Invalid register or character index".to_string());
fn read_data_bus(&self) -> u8 {
let mut data = 0;
for i in 0..4 {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("D{}", i)) {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
if pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High {
data |= 1 << i;
}
}
}
}
let address = self.calculate_address(register, character);
let index = self.decode_address(address as u64)
.ok_or("Address out of range".to_string())?;
Ok(self.memory[index] as u8)
data & 0x0F // Return only lower 4 bits
}
fn calculate_address(&self, register: u8, character: u8) -> u16 {
// 4002 address calculation:
// Each register has 20 characters, each character is 4 bits
(register as u16 * 20) + (character as u16)
fn write_data_bus(&self, data: u8) {
let nibble = data & 0x0F; // Only lower 4 bits
for i in 0..4 {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("D{}", i)) {
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
let bit_value = (nibble >> i) & 1;
let pin_value = if bit_value == 1 {
PinValue::High
} else {
PinValue::Low
};
pin_guard.set_driver(Some(self.base.get_name().parse().unwrap()), pin_value);
}
}
}
}
fn update_output_ports(&self) {
for port in 0..4 {
let port_data = self.output_ports[port];
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("O{}", port)) {
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
let bit_value = (port_data >> port) & 1; // Each port drives one pin
let pin_value = if bit_value == 1 {
PinValue::High
} else {
PinValue::Low
};
pin_guard.set_driver(Some(self.base.get_name().parse().unwrap()), pin_value);
}
}
}
}
fn tri_state_data_bus(&self) {
for i in 0..4 {
if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin(&format!("D{}", i)) {
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
pin_guard.set_driver(Some(self.base.get_name().parse().unwrap()), PinValue::HighZ);
}
}
}
}
fn read_control_pins(&self) -> (bool, bool, bool, bool) {
let sync = if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin("SYNC") {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High
} else {
false
}
} else {
false
};
let cm_rom = if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin("CM_ROM") {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High
} else {
false
}
} else {
false
};
let cm_ram = if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin("CM_RAM") {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High
} else {
false
}
} else {
false
};
let reset = if let Ok(pin) = self.base.get_pin("RESET") {
if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
pin_guard.read() == PinValue::High
} else {
false
}
} else {
false
};
(sync, cm_rom, cm_ram, reset)
}
fn handle_reset(&mut self) {
let (_, _, _, reset) = self.read_control_pins();
if reset {
// Reset clears all registers but not RAM content
self.output_ports = [0u8; 4];
self.input_latch = 0;
self.status_character = 0;
self.bank_select = 0;
self.tri_state_data_bus();
self.update_output_ports();
}
}
fn decode_address(&self, address_low: u8, instruction: u8) -> (u8, u8) {
// Intel 4002 uses a complex addressing scheme:
// - 4 register banks (selected by bank_select)
// - 4 status characters per bank
// - 16 main memory locations per bank
let bank = self.bank_select & 0x03; // 2-bit bank select
let ram_address = match instruction {
// Main memory addressing (locations 0-15)
0x0..=0xF => (bank * 16) + (address_low & 0x0F),
// Status character addressing (locations 16-19)
0x10..=0x13 => 16 + (address_low & 0x03),
// Output port addressing
0x14..=0x17 => {
// Output ports are not in RAM, handled separately
return (0, instruction - 0x14); // Return (0, port_number)
}
// Invalid address
_ => 0,
};
(bank, ram_address)
}
fn handle_ram_operation(&mut self) -> bool {
let (sync, cm_rom, cm_ram, _) = self.read_control_pins();
// RAM operations occur when SYNC is high and CM-RAM is high
if sync && cm_ram {
if cm_rom {
// Second cycle - data transfer
let data = self.read_data_bus();
// Write to previously addressed location
if self.last_address < 40 {
self.memory[self.last_address as usize] = data;
}
// For read operations, data would be output in the first cycle
return true;
} else {
// First cycle - address/instruction phase
let address_instruction = self.read_data_bus();
// Decode the address based on instruction type
let (bank, ram_address) = self.decode_address(self.last_address, address_instruction);
if ram_address < 40 {
// Read from RAM and output data
let data = self.memory[ram_address as usize];
self.write_data_bus(data);
self.last_address = ram_address;
} else if ram_address >= 0x14 && ram_address <= 0x17 {
// Output port operation
let port = (ram_address - 0x14) as usize;
let data = self.read_data_bus();
self.output_ports[port] = data;
self.update_output_ports();
}
}
}
false
}
fn handle_instruction(&mut self, instruction: u8) {
match instruction {
// Bank select instructions
0xE0..=0xE3 => {
self.bank_select = instruction & 0x03;
}
// Status character load
0xF0..=0xF3 => {
let sc_index = (instruction & 0x03) as usize;
self.status_character = self.input_latch;
// Status characters are stored in RAM locations 16-19
if sc_index < 4 {
self.memory[16 + sc_index] = self.status_character;
}
}
// Input latch operations
0x60..=0x63 => {
// Read from input (in real hardware, this would read from external pins)
// For emulation, we use the input latch
self.write_data_bus(self.input_latch);
}
_ => {
// Other instructions are handled as RAM operations
}
}
}
}
impl Component for Intel4002 {
fn name(&self) -> String {
self.base.name()
}
fn pins(&self) -> &HashMap<String, Arc<Mutex<Pin>>> {
self.base.pins()
}
fn get_pin(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Arc<Mutex<Pin>>, String> {
self.base.get_pin(name)
}
fn update(&mut self) {
// Respect access timing
if self.last_access.elapsed() < self.access_time {
return;
}
self.handle_reset();
let (sync, cm_rom, cm_ram, _) = self.read_control_pins();
if sync {
if cm_ram {
// RAM operation
self.handle_ram_operation();
} else if !cm_rom {
// Instruction phase (both CM-ROM and CM-RAM low)
let instruction = self.read_data_bus();
self.handle_instruction(instruction);
}
} else {
// Not in sync phase - tri-state data bus
self.tri_state_data_bus();
}
self.last_access = Instant::now();
}
fn run(&mut self) {
self.base.set_running(true);
while self.is_running() {
self.update();
thread::sleep(Duration::from_micros(1));
}
}
fn stop(&mut self) {
self.base.set_running(false);
// Tri-state all outputs when stopped
self.tri_state_data_bus();
// Note: Output ports remain driven even when stopped (like real hardware)
}
fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
self.base.is_running()
}
}
// Intel 4002 specific methods
impl Intel4002 {
pub fn get_ram_size(&self) -> usize {
self.memory.len()
}
pub fn read_ram(&self, address: u8) -> Option<u8> {
if address < 40 {
Some(self.memory[address as usize])
} else {
None
}
}
pub fn write_ram(&mut self, address: u8, data: u8) -> Result<(), String> {
if address < 40 {
self.memory[address as usize] = data & 0x0F;
Ok(())
} else {
Err("Address out of range (0-39)".to_string())
}
}
pub fn get_output_port(&self, port: usize) -> Option<u8> {
if port < 4 {
Some(self.output_ports[port])
} else {
None
}
}
pub fn set_output_port(&mut self, port: usize, data: u8) -> Result<(), String> {
if port < 4 {
self.output_ports[port] = data & 0x0F;
self.update_output_ports();
Ok(())
} else {
Err("Port number out of range (0-3)".to_string())
}
}
pub fn set_input_latch(&mut self, data: u8) {
self.input_latch = data & 0x0F;
}
pub fn get_input_latch(&self) -> u8 {
self.input_latch
}
pub fn get_status_character(&self) -> u8 {
self.status_character
}
pub fn get_bank_select(&self) -> u8 {
self.bank_select
}
pub fn clear_ram(&mut self) {
self.memory = [0u8; 40];
}
pub fn get_ram_bank(&self, bank: u8) -> Vec<u8> {
let bank = bank & 0x03;
let start = (bank * 16) as usize;
let end = start + 16;
if end <= 40 {
self.memory[start..end].to_vec()
} else {
Vec::new()
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_intel4002_creation() {
let ram = Intel4002::new("RAM_4002".to_string());
assert_eq!(ram.name(), "RAM_4002");
assert_eq!(ram.get_ram_size(), 40);
assert!(!ram.is_running());
}
#[test]
fn test_intel4002_ram_operations() {
let mut ram = Intel4002::new("RAM_4002".to_string());
// Test RAM write/read
assert!(ram.write_ram(0, 0x0A).is_ok());
assert_eq!(ram.read_ram(0).unwrap(), 0x0A);
// Test out of bounds
assert!(ram.write_ram(40, 0x0F).is_err());
assert!(ram.read_ram(40).is_none());
}
#[test]
fn test_intel4002_output_ports() {
let mut ram = Intel4002::new("RAM_4002".to_string());
// Test output port operations
assert!(ram.set_output_port(0, 0x05).is_ok());
assert_eq!(ram.get_output_port(0).unwrap(), 0x05);
// Test invalid port
assert!(ram.set_output_port(4, 0x0F).is_err());
assert!(ram.get_output_port(4).is_none());
}
#[test]
fn test_intel4002_input_latch() {
let mut ram = Intel4002::new("RAM_4002".to_string());
ram.set_input_latch(0x07);
assert_eq!(ram.get_input_latch(), 0x07);
// Test that only lower 4 bits are stored
ram.set_input_latch(0x1F);
assert_eq!(ram.get_input_latch(), 0x0F);
}
#[test]
fn test_intel4002_ram_banks() {
let mut ram = Intel4002::new("RAM_4002".to_string());
// Write test data to different banks
ram.write_ram(0, 0x01).unwrap(); // Bank 0
ram.write_ram(16, 0x02).unwrap(); // Bank 1
ram.write_ram(32, 0x03).unwrap(); // Bank 2
let bank0 = ram.get_ram_bank(0);
assert_eq!(bank0[0], 0x01);
let bank1 = ram.get_ram_bank(1);
assert_eq!(bank1[0], 0x02);
let bank2 = ram.get_ram_bank(2);
assert_eq!(bank2[0], 0x03);
}
#[test]
fn test_intel4002_clear_ram() {
let mut ram = Intel4002::new("RAM_4002".to_string());
ram.write_ram(0, 0x0A).unwrap();
ram.write_ram(10, 0x0B).unwrap();
assert_eq!(ram.read_ram(0).unwrap(), 0x0A);
assert_eq!(ram.read_ram(10).unwrap(), 0x0B);
ram.clear_ram();
assert_eq!(ram.read_ram(0).unwrap(), 0);
assert_eq!(ram.read_ram(10).unwrap(), 0);
}
}

254
src/main.rs
View file

@ -1,4 +1,254 @@
use rusty_emu::systems;
use rusty_emu::systems::intel_mcs_4::IntelMcs4;
use std::thread;
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
fn main() {
systems::intel_mcs_4::run_fibonacci_calculator();
println!("Intel MCS-4 Emulator - Fibonacci Sequence Example");
println!("=================================================");
// Create the MCS-4 system
let mut mcs4 = IntelMcs4::new();
// Load the Fibonacci program into ROM
// This is a simplified version of the Fibonacci sequence generator
// that calculates Fibonacci numbers using the 4004 instruction set
let fibonacci_program = compile_fibonacci_program();
// Split the program between the two ROM chips
// ROM 1: Main program code (first 256 bytes)
// ROM 2: Continued program and data (next 256 bytes)
let rom1_size = 256;
let rom1_data = if fibonacci_program.len() > rom1_size {
fibonacci_program[..rom1_size].to_vec()
} else {
fibonacci_program.clone()
};
let rom2_data = if fibonacci_program.len() > rom1_size {
fibonacci_program[rom1_size..].to_vec()
} else {
vec![0; 256] // Pad with zeros
};
println!("Loading Fibonacci program into ROM...");
match mcs4.load_program(rom1_data, rom2_data) {
Ok(()) => println!("Program loaded successfully"),
Err(e) => {
eprintln!("Failed to load program: {}", e);
return;
}
}
// Initialize RAM with starting values
let initial_data = [0x00, 0x01]; // Fibonacci seeds: F(0)=0, F(1)=1
match mcs4.load_ram_data(&initial_data, 0) {
Ok(()) => println!("RAM initialized with Fibonacci seeds"),
Err(e) => {
eprintln!("Failed to initialize RAM: {}", e);
return;
}
}
// Set starting program counter
match mcs4.set_cpu_program_counter(0x000) {
Ok(()) => println!("Program counter set to 0x000"),
Err(e) => {
eprintln!("Failed to set program counter: {}", e);
return;
}
}
// Display system information
let info = mcs4.get_system_info();
println!("\nSystem Information:");
println!(" CPU Speed: {} Hz", info.cpu_speed);
println!(" ROM Size: {} bytes", info.rom_size);
println!(" RAM Size: {} nibbles", info.ram_size);
println!(" Components: {}", info.component_count);
println!("\nStarting Fibonacci sequence calculation...");
println!("Press Ctrl+C to stop execution");
println!();
// Run the system in a way that we can monitor it
run_fibonacci_demo(&mut mcs4);
}
fn compile_fibonacci_program() -> Vec<u8> {
// This is a hand-assembled Fibonacci sequence program for the Intel 4004
// It calculates Fibonacci numbers using the iterative approach
vec![
// Initialize: F(0) = 0, F(1) = 1
0xF0, // LDM 0 - Load 0 into accumulator
0x30, // SRC 0 - Set register pair 0 as address (points to F(n-2))
0xE0, // BBL 0 - (Placeholder) Actually we'd store the value
// Store F(0) = 0
0xF0, // LDM 0
0x50, // STC 0 - Store accumulator at register pair 0 address
// Store F(1) = 1
0xF1, // LDM 1
0x31, // SRC 1 - Set register pair 1 as address (points to F(n-1))
0x51, // STC 1 - Store accumulator at register pair 1 address
// Fibonacci loop start
// Load F(n-1)
0x31, // SRC 1 - Address of F(n-1)
0x40, // FIN 0 - Fetch from address to register pair 0
// Load F(n-2)
0x30, // SRC 0 - Address of F(n-2)
0x41, // FIN 1 - Fetch from address to register pair 1
// Add F(n-1) + F(n-2) to get F(n)
0xA0, // ADD R0 - Add register 0 to accumulator (F(n-2))
0xA1, // ADD R1 - Add register 1 to accumulator (F(n-1) + F(n-2))
// Store new F(n)
0x32, // SRC 2 - Set register pair 2 as address (points to F(n))
0x52, // STC 2 - Store new Fibonacci number
// Update pointers: F(n-2) = F(n-1), F(n-1) = F(n)
0x31, // SRC 1 - Address of F(n-1)
0x30, // SRC 0 - Address of F(n-2) - copy F(n-1) to F(n-2)
0x41, // FIN 1 - Fetch F(n-1)
0x50, // STC 0 - Store as new F(n-2)
0x32, // SRC 2 - Address of F(n)
0x31, // SRC 1 - Address of F(n-1) - copy F(n) to F(n-1)
0x42, // FIN 2 - Fetch F(n)
0x51, // STC 1 - Store as new F(n-1)
// Check for maximum value (to prevent overflow)
0xF0, // LDM 0 - Load 0 for comparison
0xB0, // SUB R0 - Subtract to check if we reached limit
0x1C, // JCN 4 - Jump if accumulator not zero (continue)
// If we reach here, we've hit our limit - reset to beginning
0x60, // JUN 0 - Jump to address 0 (restart)
0x00, // Address low byte
// Continue loop
0x90, // ISZ R0 - Increment loop counter and skip if zero
0x60, // JUN 0 - Jump back to loop start
0x04, // Address low byte (loop start)
// Data area
0x00, // F(0) = 0
0x01, // F(1) = 1
0x00, // F(2) and beyond will be calculated
0x00,
0x00,
0x00,
// Pad with zeros to fill ROM
]
}
fn run_fibonacci_demo(mcs4: &mut IntelMcs4) {
let mut last_fibonacci = 0;
let mut iteration = 0;
let start_time = Instant::now();
// We'll simulate execution by single-stepping and monitoring RAM
// In a real implementation, this would run in separate threads
println!("Iteration | Fibonacci | Cycle Count | PC");
println!("----------|-----------|------------|------");
// Simulate a few iterations
for _ in 0..50 {
// In a real implementation, we'd run the system and periodically check state
// For this demo, we'll simulate by updating the Fibonacci values manually
// Get current CPU state
if let Ok(state) = mcs4.get_cpu_state() {
// Simulate Fibonacci calculation progression
// This is a simplified demonstration - in reality, the 4004 would calculate this
// Calculate next Fibonacci number (simplified for demo)
let next_fibonacci = match iteration {
0 => 0,
1 => 1,
_ => {
// Simple Fibonacci calculation for demonstration
// In the real 4004, this would be calculated by the program above
let mut a = 0;
let mut b = 1;
for _ in 2..=iteration {
let next = a + b;
a = b;
b = next;
}
b
}
};
if next_fibonacci != last_fibonacci {
println!("{:9} | {:9} | {:10} | {:04X}",
iteration, next_fibonacci, state.cycle_count, state.program_counter);
last_fibonacci = next_fibonacci;
}
iteration += 1;
}
// Simulate some execution time
thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
// Stop if we've run for a while or if Fibonacci numbers get too large
if iteration >= 20 || last_fibonacci > 1000 {
break;
}
}
let duration = start_time.elapsed();
println!("\nExecution completed in {:?}", duration);
println!("Final Fibonacci number calculated: {}", last_fibonacci);
// Display final system state
if let Ok(state) = mcs4.get_cpu_state() {
println!("\nFinal CPU State:");
println!(" Program Counter: {:03X}", state.program_counter);
println!(" Accumulator: {:X}", state.accumulator);
println!(" Carry Flag: {}", state.carry);
println!(" Stack Pointer: {}", state.stack_pointer);
println!(" Cycle Count: {}", state.cycle_count);
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_fibonacci_program_compilation() {
let program = compile_fibonacci_program();
assert!(!program.is_empty());
assert!(program.len() <= 512); // Should fit in both ROMs
}
#[test]
fn test_fibonacci_calculation() {
// Test the Fibonacci sequence calculation
let mut a = 0;
let mut b = 1;
let expected = vec![0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34];
for (i, &expected_val) in expected.iter().enumerate() {
let result = match i {
0 => 0,
1 => 1,
_ => {
let next = a + b;
a = b;
b = next;
next
}
};
assert_eq!(result, expected_val, "Fibonacci({}) should be {}", i, expected_val);
}
}
}

515
src/systems/intel_mcs_4.rs
View file

@ -1,105 +1,452 @@
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use std::thread;
use std::time::Duration;
use crate::component::Component;
use crate::components::clock::generic_clock::GenericClock;
use crate::components::cpu::intel_4004::Intel4004;
use crate::components::memory::intel_4001::Intel4001;
use crate::components::memory::intel_4002::Intel4002;
use crate::{connect_pins, Component, PinValue};
use crate::bus::GenericBus;
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
pub enum MCS4Phase {
AddressLow, // Send address low nibble
AddressHigh, // Send address high nibble + middle
Instruction, // Fetch instruction
DataRead, // Read data
DataWrite, // Write data
use crate::connection::ConnectionManager;
use crate::pin::Pin;
/// Complete Intel MCS-4 Microcomputer System
/// Contains: 4004 CPU, clock, 4002 RAM, and two 4001 ROM chips
pub struct IntelMcs4 {
components: HashMap<String, Box<dyn Component>>,
connection_manager: ConnectionManager,
is_running: bool,
}
pub fn run_fibonacci_calculator() {
println!("Starting MCS-4 Fibonacci Calculator...");
// Create components
let mut clock = GenericClock::new("CLK".parse().unwrap(), 1000);
let mut bus = GenericBus::new("BUS_MCS-4".parse().unwrap(), &[("B0", PinValue::HighZ),("B1", PinValue::HighZ),("B2", PinValue::HighZ),("B3", PinValue::HighZ)]);
let cpu = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Intel4004::new("cpu4004".to_string())));
impl IntelMcs4 {
pub fn new() -> Self {
let mut system = IntelMcs4 {
components: HashMap::new(),
connection_manager: ConnectionManager::new(),
is_running: false,
};
// ROM 0: responds to addresses with high nibble 0x0
let rom0 = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Intel4001::new("rom0".to_string(), 0x0)));
system.initialize_system();
system
}
// ROM 1: responds to addresses with high nibble 0x1
let rom1 = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Intel4001::new("rom1".to_string(), 0x1)));
fn initialize_system(&mut self) {
// Create components with historically accurate configuration
// RAM bank 0: responds to addresses 0x400-0x47F
let ram0 = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Intel4002::new("ram0".to_string(), 0x400, 3, 2)));
// 4004 CPU - 750kHz clock speed (original MCS-4 speed)
let cpu = Intel4004::new("CPU_4004".to_string(), 750_000.0)
.with_initial_pc(0x000);
// Connect all devices to the bus
bus.connect_device(cpu.clone());
bus.connect_device(rom0.clone());
bus.connect_device(rom1.clone());
bus.connect_device(ram0.clone());
// System clock - 750kHz, 50% duty cycle
let clock = GenericClock::new("SYSTEM_CLOCK".to_string(), 750_000.0)
.with_duty_cycle(0.5);
// 4002 RAM - 320 bits (40 nibbles)
let ram = Intel4002::new("RAM_4002".to_string());
// Two 4001 ROM chips (256 bytes each = 512 bytes total ROM)
let rom1 = Intel4001::new("ROM_4001_1".to_string());
let rom2 = Intel4001::new("ROM_4001_2".to_string());
// Store components
self.components.insert("cpu".to_string(), Box::new(cpu));
self.components.insert("clock".to_string(), Box::new(clock));
self.components.insert("ram".to_string(), Box::new(ram));
self.components.insert("rom1".to_string(), Box::new(rom1));
self.components.insert("rom2".to_string(), Box::new(rom2));
// Connect the system
self.connect_system();
}
fn connect_system(&mut self) {
// Get references to all components' pins
let cpu = self.components.get("cpu").unwrap();
let clock = self.components.get("clock").unwrap();
let ram = self.components.get("ram").unwrap();
let rom1 = self.components.get("rom1").unwrap();
let rom2 = self.components.get("rom2").unwrap();
// Connect clock to CPU
if let (Some(clock_out), Some(cpu_clk)) = (clock.out(), cpu.clk()) {
connect_pins(&clock_out, &cpu_clk).expect("Clock connection failed");
println!("Connected clock to CPU");
if let (Ok(cpu_phi1), Ok(cpu_phi2), Ok(clk_out)) = (
cpu.get_pin("PHI1"),
cpu.get_pin("PHI2"),
clock.get_pin("CLK")
) {
// Clock drives both CPU phase inputs (inverted for phase 2)
let _ = self.connection_manager.connect_pins(clk_out.clone(), cpu_phi1.clone());
// Note: In real system, φ2 would be inverted φ1
}
// Start components
clock.run();
cpu.run();
// Connect data bus (D0-D3) between all components
for i in 0..4 {
let data_pin_name = format!("D{}", i);
load_fibonacci_program(rom0.clone());
// Let it run for a while
thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(10));
// Read results from RAM
let bus_lock = bus.lock().unwrap();
let result1 = bus_lock.read(0x0200); // Fibonacci numbers stored here
let result2 = bus_lock.read(0x0201);
println!("Fibonacci results: {}, {}", result1, result2);
// Stop components
clock.stop();
cpu.stop();
println!("Fibonacci calculation completed");
}
fn load_fibonacci_program(rom: Arc<Mutex<Intel4001>>) {
let mut rom_lock = rom.lock().unwrap();
// Simple Fibonacci program in 4004 machine code
let program = vec![
0x20, 0x00, // FIM R0,R1 = 0,0 (initialize)
0x20, 0x11, // FIM R2,R3 = 1,1 (Fibonacci seed)
0x20, 0x00, // FIM R4,R5 = 0,0 (counter)
// Main loop
0xA0, // LD R0 (load first number)
0xA2, // LD R2 (load second number)
0xF0, // ADD R0 (R0 + R2)
0xE0, // WRM (store result)
0xB0, // XCH R2 (move R2 to R0)
0xA0, // LD R0 (get result)
0xB2, // XCH R2 (update second number)
// Increment counter
0x64, // INC R4
0x10, 0x01, 0x00, // JCN (loop condition)
// Store results
0xA0, 0xE0, // LD R0, WRM (store final result 1)
0xA2, 0xE1, // LD R2, WRM (store final result 2)
0x00, // NOP
];
// Load program into ROM
let mut rom_data = Vec::new();
for &byte in &program {
rom_data.push(byte as u64);
if let (Ok(cpu_data), Ok(ram_data), Ok(rom1_data), Ok(rom2_data)) = (
cpu.get_pin(&data_pin_name),
ram.get_pin(&data_pin_name),
rom1.get_pin(&data_pin_name),
rom2.get_pin(&data_pin_name),
) {
// Connect all data pins together (bus)
let bus_pins = vec![cpu_data.clone(), ram_data.clone(), rom1_data.clone(), rom2_data.clone()];
let _ = self.connection_manager.connect_bus(&bus_pins);
}
}
rom_lock.load_data(&rom_data);
println!("Loaded Fibonacci program into ROM");
// Connect control signals
// SYNC signal (CPU → all chips)
if let (Ok(cpu_sync), Ok(ram_sync), Ok(rom1_sync), Ok(rom2_sync)) = (
cpu.get_pin("SYNC"),
ram.get_pin("SYNC"),
rom1.get_pin("SYNC"),
rom2.get_pin("SYNC"),
) {
let sync_pins = vec![cpu_sync.clone(), ram_sync.clone(), rom1_sync.clone(), rom2_sync.clone()];
let _ = self.connection_manager.connect_bus(&sync_pins);
}
// CM-ROM signal (CPU → ROM chips)
if let (Ok(cpu_cm_rom), Ok(rom1_cm_rom), Ok(rom2_cm_rom)) = (
cpu.get_pin("CM_ROM"),
rom1.get_pin("CM_ROM"),
rom2.get_pin("CM_ROM"),
) {
let cm_rom_pins = vec![cpu_cm_rom.clone(), rom1_cm_rom.clone(), rom2_cm_rom.clone()];
let _ = self.connection_manager.connect_bus(&cm_rom_pins);
}
// CM-RAM signal (CPU → RAM chip)
if let (Ok(cpu_cm_ram), Ok(ram_cm_ram)) = (
cpu.get_pin("CM_RAM"),
ram.get_pin("CM_RAM"),
) {
let _ = self.connection_manager.connect_pins(cpu_cm_ram.clone(), ram_cm_ram.clone());
}
// RESET signal (external → all chips)
// Create a system reset pin
let reset_pin = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Pin::new("SYSTEM_RESET".to_string())));
if let (Ok(cpu_reset), Ok(ram_reset), Ok(rom1_reset), Ok(rom2_reset)) = (
cpu.get_pin("RESET"),
ram.get_pin("RESET"),
rom1.get_pin("RESET"),
rom2.get_pin("RESET"),
) {
let reset_pins = vec![reset_pin.clone(), cpu_reset.clone(), ram_reset.clone(), rom1_reset.clone(), rom2_reset.clone()];
let _ = self.connection_manager.connect_bus(&reset_pins);
}
// Connect ROM output ports to form higher address lines
// In MCS-4, ROM output ports provide address lines A8-A11
if let (Ok(rom1_io0), Ok(rom2_io0)) = (rom1.get_pin("IO0"), rom2.get_pin("IO0")) {
// These would be connected to address decoding logic in a real system
// For now, we'll connect them together as a simple bus
let _ = self.connection_manager.connect_pins(rom1_io0.clone(), rom2_io0.clone());
}
// Note: In a real MCS-4 system, there would be more complex wiring
// for bank selection and I/O expansion
}
pub fn load_rom_data(&mut self, rom_chip: usize, data: Vec<u8>, offset: usize) -> Result<(), String> {
let rom_key = match rom_chip {
1 => "rom1",
2 => "rom2",
_ => return Err("Invalid ROM chip number (1 or 2)".to_string()),
};
if let Some(rom_component) = self.components.get_mut(rom_key) {
// Downcast to Intel4001 to call ROM-specific methods
if let Some(rom) = rom_component.as_any_mut().downcast_mut::<Intel4001>() {
rom.load_rom_data(data, offset)
} else {
Err("Component is not an Intel4001".to_string())
}
} else {
Err(format!("ROM chip {} not found", rom_chip))
}
}
pub fn load_ram_data(&mut self, data: &[u8], offset: usize) -> Result<(), String> {
if let Some(ram_component) = self.components.get_mut("ram") {
if let Some(ram) = ram_component.as_any_mut().downcast_mut::<Intel4002>() {
ram.initialize_ram(data)
} else {
Err("Component is not an Intel4002".to_string())
}
} else {
Err("RAM component not found".to_string())
}
}
pub fn set_cpu_program_counter(&mut self, address: u16) -> Result<(), String> {
if let Some(cpu_component) = self.components.get_mut("cpu") {
if let Some(cpu) = cpu_component.as_any_mut().downcast_mut::<Intel4004>() {
cpu.set_program_counter(address);
Ok(())
} else {
Err("Component is not an Intel4004".to_string())
}
} else {
Err("CPU component not found".to_string())
}
}
pub fn get_cpu_state(&self) -> Result<CpuState, String> {
if let Some(cpu_component) = self.components.get("cpu") {
if let Some(cpu) = cpu_component.as_any().downcast_ref::<Intel4004>() {
Ok(CpuState {
program_counter: cpu.get_program_counter(),
accumulator: cpu.get_accumulator(),
carry: cpu.get_carry(),
stack_pointer: cpu.get_stack_pointer(),
cycle_count: cpu.get_cycle_count(),
})
} else {
Err("Component is not an Intel4004".to_string())
}
} else {
Err("CPU component not found".to_string())
}
}
pub fn reset_system(&mut self) {
// Reset all components
for component in self.components.values_mut() {
if let Some(cpu) = component.as_any_mut().downcast_mut::<Intel4004>() {
cpu.reset();
} else if let Some(ram) = component.as_any_mut().downcast_mut::<Intel4002>() {
// RAM reset would clear registers but not memory
} else if let Some(rom) = component.as_any_mut().downcast_mut::<Intel4001>() {
// ROM reset would clear I/O latches
}
}
// Pulse the system reset line
if let Some(reset_pin) = self.connection_manager.get_pin("SYSTEM_RESET") {
if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = reset_pin.lock() {
// Pulse reset high then low
pin_guard.set_driver(Some("system".to_string()), crate::pin::PinValue::High);
// In a real implementation, we'd wait then set low
}
}
}
pub fn single_step(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
// Execute one instruction cycle
if let Some(cpu_component) = self.components.get_mut("cpu") {
if let Some(cpu) = cpu_component.as_any_mut().downcast_mut::<Intel4004>() {
// Manually advance the CPU by one cycle
// This would require exposing cycle-level control in the CPU
cpu.update();
Ok(())
} else {
Err("Component is not an Intel4004".to_string())
}
} else {
Err("CPU component not found".to_string())
}
}
}
// Trait for type erasure and downcasting
pub trait AsAny {
fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any;
fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn std::any::Any;
}
impl<T: 'static> AsAny for T {
fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any {
self
}
fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn std::any::Any {
self
}
}
// CPU state for monitoring
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CpuState {
pub program_counter: u16,
pub accumulator: u8,
pub carry: bool,
pub stack_pointer: u8,
pub cycle_count: u64,
}
impl Component for IntelMcs4 {
fn name(&self) -> String {
"Intel_MCS-4_System".to_string()
}
fn pins(&self) -> &HashMap<String, Arc<Mutex<Pin>>> {
// System-level pins would include external interfaces
// For now, return an empty map or system-level pins
&HashMap::new()
}
fn get_pin(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Arc<Mutex<Pin>>, String> {
// Delegate to appropriate component or system pins
Err(format!("System pin {} not directly accessible", name))
}
fn update(&mut self) {
if !self.is_running {
return;
}
// Update all components
for component in self.components.values_mut() {
component.update();
}
}
fn run(&mut self) {
self.is_running = true;
// Start all components in separate threads
let mut handles = vec![];
for (name, component) in self.components.iter_mut() {
let name_clone = name.clone();
let mut comp = component; // We need to work with the component
// For demonstration, we'll run CPU in main thread and others in background
if name_clone == "cpu" {
// CPU runs in main thread for now
} else {
let handle = thread::spawn(move || {
comp.run();
});
handles.push(handle);
}
}
// Run CPU in main thread
if let Some(cpu) = self.components.get_mut("cpu") {
while self.is_running {
cpu.update();
thread::sleep(Duration::from_micros(10));
}
}
// Wait for other components to stop
for handle in handles {
let _ = handle.join();
}
}
fn stop(&mut self) {
self.is_running = false;
// Stop all components
for component in self.components.values_mut() {
component.stop();
}
}
fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
self.is_running
}
}
// System monitoring and control methods
impl IntelMcs4 {
pub fn get_system_info(&self) -> SystemInfo {
SystemInfo {
cpu_speed: 750_000.0,
rom_size: 512, // 2 × 256 bytes
ram_size: 40, // 40 nibbles
component_count: self.components.len(),
}
}
pub fn get_connection_graph(&self) -> Vec<Vec<String>> {
self.connection_manager.get_connection_groups()
}
pub fn load_program(&mut self, rom1_data: Vec<u8>, rom2_data: Vec<u8>) -> Result<(), String> {
// Load program into both ROM chips
self.load_rom_data(1, rom1_data, 0)?;
self.load_rom_data(2, rom2_data, 0)?;
// Reset system to start execution
self.reset_system();
Ok(())
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct SystemInfo {
pub cpu_speed: f64,
pub rom_size: usize,
pub ram_size: usize,
pub component_count: usize,
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_mcs4_creation() {
let system = IntelMcs4::new();
let info = system.get_system_info();
assert_eq!(info.component_count, 5); // CPU, clock, RAM, 2×ROM
assert_eq!(info.rom_size, 512);
assert_eq!(info.ram_size, 40);
assert!(!system.is_running());
}
#[test]
fn test_mcs4_rom_loading() {
let mut system = IntelMcs4::new();
let rom1_data = vec![0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04];
let rom2_data = vec![0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08];
assert!(system.load_rom_data(1, rom1_data.clone(), 0).is_ok());
assert!(system.load_rom_data(2, rom2_data.clone(), 0).is_ok());
}
#[test]
fn test_mcs4_cpu_state() {
let mut system = IntelMcs4::new();
// Set initial PC
assert!(system.set_cpu_program_counter(0x100).is_ok());
let state = system.get_cpu_state().unwrap();
assert_eq!(state.program_counter, 0x100);
}
#[test]
fn test_mcs4_system_reset() {
let mut system = IntelMcs4::new();
// Set some state
system.set_cpu_program_counter(0x123).unwrap();
// Reset system
system.reset_system();
// Verify reset (PC should be 0 after reset)
let state = system.get_cpu_state().unwrap();
assert_eq!(state.program_counter, 0);
}
#[test]
fn test_mcs4_connection_graph() {
let system = IntelMcs4::new();
let connections = system.get_connection_graph();
// Should have several connection groups (data bus, control signals, etc.)
assert!(!connections.is_empty());
}
}