diff --git a/src/bus.rs b/src/bus.rs
index 6b6c6ae..02db5ef 100644
--- a/src/bus.rs
+++ b/src/bus.rs
@@ -1,161 +1,401 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-use crate::{Component, Pin, PinValue};
-pub trait BusDevice: Send {
-    /// Called on each simulation cycle to update device state based on pin states
-    fn update(&mut self);
+use std::thread;
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
-    /// Connect this device to bus pins
-    fn connect_to_bus(&mut self, bus_pins: Vec<Arc<Pin>>);
+use crate::component::{BaseComponent, Component};
+use crate::pin::{Pin, PinValue, DriveStrength};
 
-    /// Optional: report address range for debugging/monitoring
-    fn get_address_range(&self) -> Option<std::ops::Range<u64>> {
-        None
-    }
-
-    /// Optional: get device name for debugging
-    fn get_name(&self) -> &str;
-}
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct GenericBus {
-    base: crate::component::BaseComponent,
-    connected_devices: Vec<Arc<Mutex<dyn BusDevice>>>,
-    bus_pins: HashMap<String, Arc<Pin>>, // Named bus lines (like "A0", "D0", "R/W")
+    base: BaseComponent,
+    connected_pins: Vec<Arc<Mutex<Pin>>>,
+    bus_value: PinValue,
+    last_update: Instant,
+    settlement_time: Duration,
+    is_active: bool,
 }
 
 impl GenericBus {
-    pub fn new(name: String, pin_definitions: &[(&str, PinValue)]) -> Self {
-        let mut base = crate::component::BaseComponent::new(name.clone());
-        let mut bus_pins = HashMap::new();
+    pub fn new(name: String) -> Self {
+        // Bus typically has bidirectional data pins
+        let pin_names = vec!["DATA"];
+        let pins = BaseComponent::create_pin_map(&pin_names, &name);
 
-        // Create bus pins
-        for (pin_name, initial_value) in pin_definitions {
-            let pin = base.add_pin(
-                pin_name.to_string(),
-                *initial_value,
-            );
-            bus_pins.insert(pin_name.to_string(), pin);
-        }
-
-        Self {
-            base,
-            connected_devices: Vec::new(),
-            bus_pins,
+        GenericBus {
+            base: BaseComponent::new(name, pins),
+            connected_pins: Vec::new(),
+            bus_value: PinValue::HighZ,
+            last_update: Instant::now(),
+            settlement_time: Duration::from_nanos(10),
+            is_active: true,
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn connect_device(&mut self, device: Arc<Mutex<dyn BusDevice>>) {
-        // Get all bus pins and connect them to the device
-        let bus_pins: Vec<Arc<Pin>> = self.bus_pins.values().cloned().collect();
-
-        if let Ok(mut device) = device.lock() {
-            device.connect_to_bus(bus_pins);
-        }
-
-        self.connected_devices.push(device);
+    pub fn with_settlement_time(mut self, time: Duration) -> Self {
+        self.settlement_time = time;
+        self
     }
 
-    pub fn get_pin(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Arc<Pin>> {
-        self.bus_pins.get(name).cloned()
-    }
-
-    /// The key function: resolve pin conflicts and propagate values
-    fn resolve_bus_conflicts(&self) {
-        for (pin_name, bus_pin) in &self.bus_pins {
-            self.resolve_pin_state(bus_pin);
+    pub fn connect_pin(&mut self, pin: Arc<Mutex<Pin>>) -> Result<(), String> {
+        if !self.connected_pins.iter().any(|p| Arc::ptr_eq(p, &pin)) {
+            self.connected_pins.push(pin);
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err("Pin already connected to bus".to_string())
         }
     }
 
-    fn resolve_pin_state(&self, bus_pin: &Arc<Pin>) {
-        let connections = bus_pin.connections.lock().unwrap();
+    pub fn disconnect_pin(&mut self, pin: &Arc<Mutex<Pin>>) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let initial_len = self.connected_pins.len();
+        self.connected_pins.retain(|p| !Arc::ptr_eq(p, pin));
 
-        // Check if any device is driving the pin low (wired-AND behavior)
-        let mut any_driving_low = false;
-        let mut any_driving_high = false;
-        let mut any_driving = false;
+        if self.connected_pins.len() < initial_len {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err("Pin not found on bus".to_string())
+        }
+    }
 
-        for connected_pin in connections.iter() {
-            let output_enable = connected_pin.output_enable.lock().unwrap();
-            let value = connected_pin.value.read().unwrap();
+    pub fn get_connected_pins(&self) -> &Vec<Arc<Mutex<Pin>>> {
+        &self.connected_pins
+    }
 
-            if *output_enable {
-                any_driving = true;
-                match *value {
-                    PinValue::Low => any_driving_low = true,
-                    PinValue::High => any_driving_high = true,
-                    PinValue::HighZ => {} // High-Z doesn't drive
+    pub fn set_active(&mut self, active: bool) {
+        self.is_active = active;
+        if !active {
+            // Tri-state the bus when deactivated
+            self.bus_value = PinValue::HighZ;
+            self.propagate_bus_value();
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_active(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_active
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_bus_value(&self) -> PinValue {
+        self.bus_value
+    }
+
+    fn read_bus_state(&self) -> PinValue {
+        if !self.is_active {
+            return PinValue::HighZ;
+        }
+
+        if self.connected_pins.is_empty() {
+            return PinValue::HighZ;
+        }
+
+        // Collect all active drivers from connected pins
+        let mut drivers = Vec::new();
+
+        for pin in &self.connected_pins {
+            if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
+                let pin_drivers = pin_guard.get_drivers();
+                for (_, (value, strength)) in pin_drivers {
+                    if *strength != DriveStrength::HighImpedance && *value != PinValue::HighZ {
+                        drivers.push((*value, *strength));
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        // Determine the resolved bus state
-        let resolved_value = if any_driving_low {
-            // If any device pulls low, bus is low (wired-AND)
+        if drivers.is_empty() {
+            return PinValue::HighZ;
+        }
+
+        // Find the strongest driver
+        let max_strength = drivers.iter()
+            .map(|(_, strength)| *strength)
+            .max()
+            .unwrap_or(DriveStrength::HighImpedance);
+
+        if max_strength == DriveStrength::HighImpedance {
+            return PinValue::HighZ;
+        }
+
+        // Get values from strongest drivers
+        let strong_drivers: Vec<PinValue> = drivers.iter()
+            .filter(|(_, strength)| *strength == max_strength)
+            .map(|(value, _)| *value)
+            .collect();
+
+        // Resolve conflicts: Low dominates
+        if strong_drivers.iter().any(|v| *v == PinValue::Low) {
             PinValue::Low
-        } else if any_driving_high && !any_driving_low {
-            // If devices are driving high but no one is pulling low
+        } else if strong_drivers.iter().any(|v| *v == PinValue::High) {
             PinValue::High
-        } else if any_driving {
-            // Mixed driving states (shouldn't happen in proper design)
-            PinValue::Low // Safe fallback: low wins
         } else {
-            // No one is driving - high impedance
             PinValue::HighZ
-        };
-
-        // Update the bus pin to reflect the resolved state
-        // BUT: the bus itself doesn't drive the pin - it just reflects the resolved state
-        // In real hardware, the bus pin's state emerges from the connected devices
-        drop(connections);
-
-        // We need to update the pin's value without "driving" it
-        // This is tricky because our Pin struct couples value with output enable
-        // Let's create a helper method to update the resolved value
-        self.update_pin_resolved_value(bus_pin, resolved_value);
+        }
     }
 
-    fn update_pin_resolved_value(&self, pin: &Arc<Pin>, value: PinValue) {
-        // This is a challenge: we want to set the pin's value without claiming to "drive" it
-        // We need to extend our Pin struct to support bus resolution
-        let mut current_value = pin.value.write().unwrap();
-        *current_value = value;
-        // Note: we don't touch output_enable - the bus isn't driving, just reflecting
+    fn propagate_bus_value(&self) {
+        if !self.is_active {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for pin in &self.connected_pins {
+            if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
+                // The bus acts as a driver for connected pins
+                pin_guard.set_driver_with_strength(
+                    Some(self.base.get_name().to_string()),
+                    self.bus_value,
+                    DriveStrength::Standard
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn simulate_bus_contention(&self) -> Result<(), String> {
+        // Simulate bus contention detection
+        let mut high_drivers = 0;
+        let mut low_drivers = 0;
+
+        for pin in &self.connected_pins {
+            if let Ok(pin_guard) = pin.lock() {
+                let value = pin_guard.read();
+                match value {
+                    PinValue::High => high_drivers += 1,
+                    PinValue::Low => low_drivers += 1,
+                    PinValue::HighZ => {}
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if high_drivers > 0 && low_drivers > 0 {
+            // Bus contention detected
+            Err("Bus contention: multiple drivers conflict".to_string())
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }
     }
 }
 
 impl Component for GenericBus {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+    fn name(&self) -> String {
         self.base.name()
     }
 
-    fn pins(&self) -> &std::collections::HashMap<String, Arc<Pin>> {
+    fn pins(&self) -> &HashMap<String, Arc<Mutex<Pin>>> {
         self.base.pins()
     }
 
-    fn get_pin(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Arc<Pin>> {
+    fn get_pin(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Arc<Mutex<Pin>>, String> {
         self.base.get_pin(name)
     }
 
-    fn update(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
-        // Bus update cycle:
-        // 1. First, let all devices update based on current pin states
-        for device in &self.connected_devices {
-            if let Ok(mut device) = device.lock() {
-                device.update();
-            }
+    fn update(&mut self) {
+        if !self.is_active {
+            return;
         }
 
-        // 2. Then resolve bus conflicts and propagate pin states
-        self.resolve_bus_conflicts();
+        // Respect settlement timing
+        if self.last_update.elapsed() < self.settlement_time {
+            return;
+        }
 
-        Ok(())
+        let new_bus_value = self.read_bus_state();
+
+        if new_bus_value != self.bus_value {
+            self.bus_value = new_bus_value;
+            self.propagate_bus_value();
+            self.last_update = Instant::now();
+        }
+
+        // Check for bus contention (optional - could be expensive)
+        // if let Err(e) = self.simulate_bus_contention() {
+        //     eprintln!("Bus contention warning: {}", e);
+        // }
     }
 
     fn run(&mut self) {
-        self.base.run();
+        self.base.set_running(true);
+
+        while self.is_running() {
+            self.update();
+            thread::sleep(Duration::from_micros(1));
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn stop(&mut self) {
+        self.base.set_running(false);
+        self.set_active(false);
+    }
+
+    fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
+        self.base.is_running()
+    }
+}
+
+// Active bus implementation for test equipment
+pub struct ActiveBus {
+    base: GenericBus,
+    test_pattern: Vec<PinValue>,
+    pattern_index: usize,
+    pattern_interval: Duration,
+    last_pattern_update: Instant,
+}
+
+impl ActiveBus {
+    pub fn new(name: String) -> Self {
+        ActiveBus {
+            base: GenericBus::new(name),
+            test_pattern: Vec::new(),
+            pattern_index: 0,
+            pattern_interval: Duration::from_millis(1),
+            last_pattern_update: Instant::now(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_test_pattern(&mut self, pattern: Vec<PinValue>) {
+        self.test_pattern = pattern;
+        self.pattern_index = 0;
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_pattern_interval(&mut self, interval: Duration) {
+        self.pattern_interval = interval;
+    }
+
+    pub fn drive_pattern(&mut self) {
+        if self.test_pattern.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if self.last_pattern_update.elapsed() >= self.pattern_interval {
+            if let Some(data_pin) = self.base.get_pin("DATA").ok() {
+                if let Ok(mut pin_guard) = data_pin.lock() {
+                    let value = self.test_pattern[self.pattern_index];
+                    pin_guard.set_driver_with_strength(
+                        Some(self.base.name() + "_pattern"),
+                        value,
+                        DriveStrength::Strong
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+
+            self.pattern_index = (self.pattern_index + 1) % self.test_pattern.len();
+            self.last_pattern_update = Instant::now();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Component for ActiveBus {
+    fn name(&self) -> String {
+        self.base.name()
+    }
+
+    fn pins(&self) -> &HashMap<String, Arc<Mutex<Pin>>> {
+        self.base.pins()
+    }
+
+    fn get_pin(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Arc<Mutex<Pin>>, String> {
+        self.base.get_pin(name)
+    }
+
+    fn update(&mut self) {
+        self.base.update();
+        self.drive_pattern();
+    }
+
+    fn run(&mut self) {
+        self.base.base.set_running(true);
+
+        while self.is_running() {
+            self.update();
+            thread::sleep(Duration::from_micros(1));
+        }
     }
 
     fn stop(&mut self) {
         self.base.stop();
     }
+
+    fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
+        self.base.is_running()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bus_creation() {
+        let bus = GenericBus::new("TEST_BUS".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(bus.name(), "TEST_BUS");
+        assert!(!bus.is_running());
+        assert!(bus.is_active());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bus_pin_connection() {
+        let mut bus = GenericBus::new("TEST_BUS".to_string());
+        let pin = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Pin::new("TEST_PIN".to_string())));
+
+        assert!(bus.connect_pin(pin.clone()).is_ok());
+        assert_eq!(bus.get_connected_pins().len(), 1);
+
+        // Try connecting same pin again
+        assert!(bus.connect_pin(pin.clone()).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bus_value_propagation() {
+        let mut bus = GenericBus::new("TEST_BUS".to_string());
+        let pin1 = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Pin::new("PIN1".to_string())));
+        let pin2 = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Pin::new("PIN2".to_string())));
+
+        bus.connect_pin(pin1.clone()).unwrap();
+        bus.connect_pin(pin2.clone()).unwrap();
+
+        // Drive pin1 high
+        {
+            let mut pin_guard = pin1.lock().unwrap();
+            pin_guard.set_driver(Some("test".to_string()), PinValue::High);
+        }
+
+        // Update bus
+        bus.update();
+
+        // Pin2 should see the high value
+        let pin2_guard = pin2.lock().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(pin2_guard.read(), PinValue::High);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bus_contention_detection() {
+        let mut bus = GenericBus::new("TEST_BUS".to_string());
+        let pin1 = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Pin::new("PIN1".to_string())));
+        let pin2 = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Pin::new("PIN2".to_string())));
+
+        bus.connect_pin(pin1.clone()).unwrap();
+        bus.connect_pin(pin2.clone()).unwrap();
+
+        // Drive pins to conflicting states
+        {
+            let mut pin1_guard = pin1.lock().unwrap();
+            pin1_guard.set_driver(Some("driver1".to_string()), PinValue::High);
+        }
+        {
+            let mut pin2_guard = pin2.lock().unwrap();
+            pin2_guard.set_driver(Some("driver2".to_string()), PinValue::Low);
+        }
+
+        // Should detect bus contention
+        assert!(bus.simulate_bus_contention().is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_active_bus_pattern() {
+        let mut active_bus = ActiveBus::new("ACTIVE_BUS".to_string());
+        let pattern = vec![PinValue::High, PinValue::Low, PinValue::High, PinValue::Low];
+
+        active_bus.set_test_pattern(pattern);
+        active_bus.set_pattern_interval(Duration::from_millis(10));
+
+        // Test that active bus can drive patterns
+        active_bus.drive_pattern();
+        assert!(active_bus.is_running());
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/components/memory/generic_ram.rs b/src/components/memory/generic_ram.rs
index f489b3c..adf782a 100644
--- a/src/components/memory/generic_ram.rs
+++ b/src/components/memory/generic_ram.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use std::ops::Range;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use crate::{Component, Pin, PinValue};
 
diff --git a/src/pin.rs b/src/pin.rs
index 1fdb8a5..3df0b74 100644
--- a/src/pin.rs
+++ b/src/pin.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::cmp::{Ordering, PartialOrd};
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl PinValue {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum DriveStrength {
     HighImpedance = 0,
     Weak = 1,
@@ -52,6 +52,17 @@ pub enum DriveStrength {
     Strong = 3,
 }
 
+impl Ord for DriveStrength {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
+        (*self as u8).cmp(&(*other as u8))
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for DriveStrength {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
+    }
+}
 pub struct Pin {
     name: String,
     drivers: HashMap<String, (PinValue, DriveStrength)>,
@@ -60,11 +71,6 @@ pub struct Pin {
     settlement_time: Duration,
     connected_pins: Vec<Arc<Mutex<Pin>>>,
 }
-impl PartialOrd for DriveStrength {
-    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
-        Some((*self as u8).cmp(&(*other as u8)))
-    }
-}
 impl Pin {
     pub fn new(name: String) -> Self {
         Pin {